1.  R. Saifan, R. Al-zyadat, M. Hawa, I. Jafar, S. Rahamneh, “Probabilistic history-based distributed sensing protocol in cognitive radio networks,” Egyptian Informatics Journal, vol. 33, Mar. 2026.

2. F. Jubair, T. Ali, K. Darabkh, I. Jafar, “An Innovative Machine Learning Mechanism for Predicting the Best Fit Engineering Major for Jordanian Undergraduate Students,” SN COMPUT. SCI., vol. 6, no. 900, Oct. 2025. 

3. G. Abandah, M. Khaleel, I. Jafar, M. Abdel- Majeed, Y. Hamdan, A. Suyyagh, A. Abdel-Karim, S. AlAwawdeh, “Jordanian Arabic to Modern Standard Arabic Translation Using a Large Model Tuned on A Purpose-Built Dataset and Synthetic Error Injection,” Jordanian Journal of Computers and Information Technology, vol. 11, no.3, Sep. 2025. 

4. B. Sadder, R. Sadder, G. Abandah and I. Jafar, “Multi-domain Machine Learning Approach of Named Entity Recognition for Arabic Booking Chatbot Engines Using Pre-Trained Bidirectional Transformers,” Jordanian Journal of Computers and Information Technology, vol. 10, no.1, March 2024. 

5. A. Jafari, A. Al-Mousa and I. Jafar, “Speaker Anonymization Using Generative Adversarial Networks,” Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 3345-3359, Aug. 2023. 

6. I. Jafar, K. Darabkh and Fahed Jubair, “Separable High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images”,International Arab Journal for Information Technology, vol. 19, no. 5, Sep. 2022. 

7. K. A. Darabkh, M. Al-Akhras, A. Khalifeh, I. Jafar and F. Jubair, “An Innovative RPL Objective Function for Broad Range of IoT Domains Utilizing Fuzzy Logic and Multiple Metrics,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 205, Nov. 2022. 

8. R. Al-Zubi, S. Al-Sarayrah, M. Hawa, K. Darabkh, I. Jafar and S. Alnabelsi, “TCP-CLD: Cross-Layer Design for Improving TCP Performance over Cognitive Radio Networks,” International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 399-407, Dec. 2020. 

9. K. Darabkh, N. Al-Maaitah, I. Jafar and A. Khalifeh, “EA-CRP: A Novel Energy-aware Clustering and Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 702-718, Nov. 2018. 

10. R. Al-Zubi, K. Darabkh, M. Hawa and I. Jafar, “RSP-WRAN: Resource sharing protocol for inter/intra WRAN communications,” Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 31-47, Jan. 2018.

11. K. Darabkh, W. Albtoush and I. Jafar, “Improved Clustering Algorithms for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks,” The Journal of Supercomputing, accepted for publication, 2016.

12. S. Hiary, I. Jafar and H. Hiary, “An Efficient Multi-Predictor Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm based on Performance Evaluation of Different Prediction Schemes,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 2131-2157, Jan. 2017. 

13. R. Saifan, G. Alsukkar and I. Jafar, “Optimized Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Algorithms in Cognitive Radio Networks,” The Computer Journal, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 835-849, Feb. 2017. 

14. K. Darabkh, A. Al-Dhamari and I. Jafar, “A New Steganographic Algorithm Based on Multi Directional PVD and Modified LSB,” Information Technology and Control, , vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 16-36, Feb. 2017. 

15. M. Hawa, D. Abu-Al-Nadi, O. Alsmadi, I. Jafar, “On Using Spectrum History to Manage Opportunistic Access in Cognitive Radio Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 5293 - 5308, Aug. 2016.

16. G. Al Sukkar, R. Saifan, S. Khwaldeh, M. Maqableh and I. Jafar, “Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): Spoofing Attack and Proposed Defense,” Communications and Network, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 118 – 130, Jul. 2016.

17. I. Jafar, K. Darabkh and R. Saifan, “SARDH: A Novel Sharpening Aware Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm,” Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 39, pp. 239-252, Aug. 2016.

18. E. Jaarah and I. Jafar, “Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Algorithms Based on Dual Prediction,” Signal & Image Processing: An  International Journal (SIPIJ), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-22, Apr. 2016.

19. I. Jafar, K. Darabkh, R. Al-Zubi and R. Saifan, “An Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Using Two Steganographic Images,” Signal Processing, vol. 128, no. 11, pp. 98-109, Apr. 2016.

20. R. Saifan, G. Al-Sukkar, R. Al-Ameer and  I. Jafar, “Energy Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Cognitive Radio,” International Journal of Computer Networks & Communication, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 13-24, Mar. 2016.

21. K. Darabkh, H. Obeid, I. Jafar and R. Al-Zubi, “A Generic Buffer Occupancy Expression for Stop-and-Wait Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest Protocol Over Unstable Channels,” Telecommunication Systems, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 205–221, Nov. 2015.

22. I. Jafar, K. Darabkh, R. Al-Zubi and R. Al Na’mneh, “Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Using Multiple Predictors,” The Computer Journal, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 423-438, Aug. 2015.

23. K. Darabkh, I. Jafar, R. Al-Zubi and M. Hawa, “A New Image Steganographic Approach for Secure Communication Based on LSB Replacement Method,” Information Technology and Control, vol. 44, no.3, pp. 315-328, Sep. 2015.

24. Khalid A. Darabkh, Ala F. Khalifeh, Iyad F. Jafar, Baraa A. Bathech, and Saed W. Sabah, " A Yet Efficient Communication System with Hearing-Impaired People Based on Isolated Words of Arabic Language,” IAENG International Journal of Computer Science (SCOPUS, Ulrich), vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 183-193, Aug. 2013.

25. Iyad Jafar, Rami Al Na’mneh, Khalid Darabkh, "Efficient Improvements on the BDND Filtering Algorithm for the Removal of High Density Impulse Noise,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1223-1232, Mar. 2013.

26. Khalid Darabkh, Iyad Jafar, Ghazi Al Sukkar, Gheith Abandah, and Raed Al-Zubi,"An Improved Queuing Model for Packet Retransmission Policy and Variable Latency Decoders," IET Communications, vol. 6, no. 18, pp. 3315-3328, Dec. 2012.

27. Khalid Darabkh, Shereen Ismail, Mohammad Al-Shurman, Iyad Jafar, Eman Alkhader, and Mamoun Al-Mistarihi, "Performance Evaluation of Selective and Adaptive Heads Clustering Algorithms over Wireless Sensor Networks," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 35, no. 6,pp. 2068- 2080, Nov. 2012.  

28. Iyad Jafar, Khalid Darabkh, Ghazi Al-Sukkar, "A Rule-based Fuzzy Inference System for Adaptive Image Contrast Enhancement,” Computer Journal, Oxford University Press, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1041-1057, Sep. 2012.

29. Rami Al Na’mneh, Khalid Darabkh, and Iyad Jafar, "Efficient Bit Reversal Algorithms in Parallel Computers," International Journal of Computers and their Applications, vol. 19, no.3, pp. 154-165, Sep. 2012.

30. Iyad Jafar and Khalid Darabkh, "Image Contrast Enhancement Based on Equalization of Edge Histograms,” IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 192-204, Aug. 2011.

31. Khalid Darabkh, Baker Abu Jaradeh, and Iyad Jafar, "'Incorporating ARQ and Thresholds with Variable Complexity Decoding Algorithms over Wireless Networks: Queuing Analysis,” IET Communications, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 1377-1393, July2011.

32. Iyad Jafar, and Hao Ying, "New Algorithms for Image Contrast Enhancement in Grayscale Images Based on the Variational Definition of Histogram Equalization," Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering Journal, vol. 15, pp. 131-147, Apr. 2008.

33. Iyad Jafar and Hao Ying, "A New Method for Image Contrast Enhancement Based on Automatic Specification of Local Histograms,” International Journal of Computer Science an Network Security, vol. 7, issue 7, pp. 1-10, July 2007.

1. M. Salameh and I. Jafar, “A Lightweight Efficient U-Net Model for Audio​ Super-Resolution," ​5th International Conference ​on Communications, ​Information, Electronics, ​and Energy Systems (CIEES), Vieliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, 2024. 

2. S. Alkharabsheh and I. Jafar, “High-Capacity Separable Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm for Encrypted Images,” Proceedings of 2021 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT), Amman, Jordan, Nov. 2021. 

3. E. Al-Qtiemat and I. Jafar, “Intelligent Cache Replacement Algorithm for Web Proxy Caching based on Multi-level K-means Clustering,” Proceedings of 2021 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT), Amman, Jordan, Nov. 2021. 

4. I. Jafar and K. Darabkh, “An Improved Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm for Image Contrast Enhancement ,” Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 2021.

5. I. Jafar, H. Maghaydah and K. Darabkh, “Employing Unsharp Masking for Contrast Enhancement in Reversible Data Hiding,” Proceedings of 19th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology ISSPIT 2019), Ajman, UAE, Dec. 2019.

6. K. Darabkh, I. Jafar, R. Al-Zubi, and M. Hawa, “An Improved Image Least Significant Bit Replacement Method,” Proceedings of the 37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), Croatia, May 2014.

7. E. Jaarah and I. Jafar, “Reversible Data Hiding Based on Histogram Shifting of Prediction Errors Using Two Predictors,” Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), Amman, Jordan, Nov. 2015.

8. Iyad Jafar, Sawsan Hiary, and Khalid Darabkh, “An Improved Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Modification of Prediction Errors,” in the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP), Greece, April 2014.

9. Khalid A. Darabkh, Ala F. Khalifeh, Iyad Jafar, Baraa A. Bathech, Saed W. Sabah, "Efficient DTW-Based Speech Recognition System for Isolated Words of Arabic Language,”  in the proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering (ICECSE2013), Switzerland, May 2013.

10. Ghazi AL-Sukkar, Iyad Jafar, Khalid Darabkh, Raed Al-Zubi, Mohammed Hawa, "Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid Communications,” in the proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Information Engineering (ICCIE2013), France, April 2013.

11. Iyad Jafar, Sandra Alrawashdeh, and Ban Alhamayel, "High Level Synthesis of Digital Filters Based on Sub-Token Forwarding," in the proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Information Engineering (ICCIE2013), France, April 2013.

12. Iyad Jafar and Rami AlN’amneh, "Improving the Performance of BDND Filtering in Impulse Noise Removal,” in the proceedings of the Ninth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD12), Chemnitz, Germany, March 2012.

13. Fadi Ghawanmeh, Iyad Jafar, Majid Altaee, Mohammad Ghawanmeh, and Zahra Muhsin, "Development of Improved Automatic Music Transcription System for the Arabian Flute (NAY),” in the Proceedings of the Eighth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD11), Sousse, Tunisia, March 2011.

14. Iyad Jafar and Khalid Darabkh, "A Modified Unsharp-Masking Technique for Image Contrast Enhancement,” in the Proceedings of the Eighth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD11), Sousse, Tunisia, March 2011.

15. Iyad Jafar and Ghazi Al-Sukkar, "A Novel Coloring Framework for Grayscale Images", In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Information Technology, Sharjah, UAE, March 2010.

16. Iyad Jafar and Hao Ying, "Image Contrast Sharpening Using Adaptive Local Graylevel Transformation Functions,” in the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Amman, Jordan, June 2009.

17. Iyad Jafar amd Hao Ying, "Automatic Histogram Specification with Brightness Preservation Algorithm for Image Contrast Enhancement,” in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, Las Vegas, NV, June 2007.

18. Iyad Jafar and Hao Ying, "Multilevel Component-Based Histogram Equalization for Enhancing the Quality of Grayscale Images,” in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, Chicago, IL, May 2007.

19. Iyad Jafar and Hao Ying, "Image Contrast Enhancement by Constrained Variational Histogram Equalization,” in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, Chicago, IL, May 2007.

20. Iyad Jafar and Hao Ying, Anthony Shields, and Otto Muzik, "Computerized Detection of Lung Tumors in PET/CT Images,” in the Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, New York, NY, August 2006.

The Development and Evaluation of Novel Algorithms for Contrast Enhancement in Grayscale Images, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, February 2008 [Abstract].