Social ties and first child's birth: a motherhood network penalty (Submitted)
Draft available upon request.
In most developed economies, child-related inequalities have become the main cause of gender inequalities in the labour market. This paper explores the role of social networks in explaining this well-established fact. I investigate how fathers' and mothers' networks evolve after the birth of the first child, and how this affects mothers' labour market transitions. Using longitudinal data from the United Kingdom, I document a motherhood network penalty: mothers' share of employed friends significantly decreases, whereas fathers’ networks remain unaffected in this regard. Because of well-documented network effects on job search outcomes, I then adapt a model of labour market transitions with networks to quantify how the lower share of employed friends among mothers affects their transitions to employment. Counterfactual simulations show that, in the absence of the motherhood network penalty, mothers' transitions to employment would increase by 2% one year after the birth of the first child, and up to 11% two to three years later. These findings highlight the potential value of policies aimed at mitigating mothers' loss of valuable contacts to support their re-employment post-birth.
Understanding homophily: from interaction to interaction, with Vincent Boucher.
Draft available upon request. (In preparation for submission)
Homophily in networks can arise either from meeting opportunities or from preferences. In this paper, we use the number of joint classes students have as a measure of exposure intensity to identify the relative contributions of meeting-based and preference-based racial homophily in teenagers' friendships in US high-schools. We present robust evidence that friendship increases with exposure, but even more for same-race students. We develop and estimate an intuitive structural model of friendship formation to reproduce and decompose this stylized fact. We find that preference-based homophily explains the majority of overall racial homophily, but that meeting-based homophily explains more than a third of it. We argue that this still leaves room for policies targeting meetings in order to improve racial integration. We simulate such policies and discuss their effectiveness in increasing meetings, friendships, and reducing segregation at the school level.
Le Bien-être en France : Rapport 2020, directed by C. Senik et M. Perona, February 2021.
Main contributions :
-Chapter 3 : A description of the political and psychological consequences of the Covid 19 in France, Germany and the UK, with Y. Algan, B. Cautrès, D. Cohen and L. Rouban.
-Chapter 5 : Job satisfaction and working conditions; a study of trust, social bond and job satisfaction.
Étendue et perception de la violence au travail, Note de L’Observatoire du bien-être du Cepremap, n°2020-03, March 2020.
Twitter, mesure du bien-être ? with D. Alezra and M. Perona.
Note de L’Observatoire du bien-être du Cepremap, n°2020-09, October 2020.