Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. 

A DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor. 

A 4 Degree of Freedom (4DOF) mechanical robot arm has four joints allowing movement in four directions: base rotation, shoulder joint, elbow joint, and wrist rotation. It offers flexibility, precision, and moderate payload capacity, making it suitable for tasks like pick-and-place operations, assembly, and material handling in various industries. 

The SG90 servo motor, compact and affordable, offers around 180 degrees of rotation and precise PWM control, making it ideal for small-scale projects. Its versatility extends to various applications, including robotics, RC vehicles, and animatronics, appealing to hobbyists and beginners exploring motion control applications. 

The IR sensor, compact and versatile, detects infrared radiation emitted by objects, enabling proximity sensing and motion detection. With its simplicity and affordability, it's widely used in robotics, automation, and security systems. 

Jumper wires, flexible and inexpensive, provide a convenient means of connecting electronic components on breadboards or prototyping boards. Their versatility and ease of use make them essential for hobbyists, students, and professionals alike in electronics projects, circuit prototyping, and experimentation. 

PVC boards, durable and lightweight, serve as a versatile substrate for various DIY projects, signage, and construction applications. Their affordability and ease of customization make them popular in crafts, modeling, and prototyping, offering a stable platform for mounting components or creating structural elements.