Building Internet of Things Applications
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1. What is Internet of Things?
1. What is Internet of Things?
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of ‘things’.
Things could be physical objects, home appliances, electronic devices, vehicles or industrial machines.
When things are embedded with electronics & communication capability, they become ‘smart-things’ and capable of sharing & receiving data to/from other things.
When things network with each other, they form the Internet of Things.
In summary, internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people having the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
The first Internet of Things device was born in 1982 when graduate students at Carnegie-Mellon University’s Computer Science department connected a vending machine to the Internet to remotely know how many coke bottles are left in the vending machine. However, it was in 1990 that John Romkey and Simon Hackett created the world's first connect device, a bread toaster powered through the internet. The term "Internet of Things" though was coined much later by Kevin Ashton in 1999.
2. What are the components of Internet of Things system?
2. What are the components of Internet of Things system?
An end-to-end Internet of Things (IoT) system consists of the following components:
Smart Devices - made up of sensors that collect data from the surrounding environment, and actuators that trigger some action
Gateway devices - small devices that look like your WiFi routers and modems
IoT Platform - a cloud-based computer with high-performance, storage capacity
End-user Devices such as Computers, Laptops, Smartphones, Voice Assistant devices, etc.
End-user Applications - Software applications that allow users to monitor and control the sensors and actuator devices remotely over the Internet
The smart sensor devices such as room temperature sensor, pressure sensor, motion sensor, light sensor, fire sensor, gas-leakage sensor, etc. collect data about the physical parameters surrounding them. They send the collected data to the nearby Gateway device over a wired or wireless connection. The gateway device, in turn, sends the data over the Internet to a remote Internet of Things Platform (a computer server). The IoT Platform gathers data from multiple sensors, stores the same in its persistent data storage, analyzes the data, and presents useful and meaningful information to users via end-user devices such as laptops or smartphones. The users will be able to view information from sensors on a software application running on a laptop, or on a mobile app on a smartphone. For e.g., a user can visualize the temperature inside a building from a remote location. In addition, the IoT platform may generate alerts and alarms to catch the attention of the user in certain cases. For e.g., if one of the fire sensors in the building indicates that there is fire in the building, the IoT Platform triggers an alarm to the user. The user can then take action by sending a command to an actuator device such as a water sprayer to put off the fire in the building from a remote location. Similarly, the user can remotely turn on/off lights in the building at any time.
3. How is Internet of Things used in the real world? What are its application areas?
3. How is Internet of Things used in the real world? What are its application areas?
Internet of Things (IoT) has applications in a variety of areas including homes, retail shopping, logistics, transportation, education, healthcare, fitness, smart cities, agriculture, manufacturing, military and many other areas. Watch the below videos for a quick look at some of the interesting applications of Internet of Things technology.
View the slides below to gain a more detailed understanding of Internet of Things and it's application areas.
4. How can I build an Internet of Things application myself?
4. How can I build an Internet of Things application myself?
To build your own IoT application, you will need to determine what type of application you wish to build, and how will it benefit users. Once you have decided on these two things, you will need access to the following hardware and software resources:
One or more sensor devices
One or more actuator devices
NodeMCU, a micro-controller board that is similar to, and compatible with Arduino micro-controller
ThingSpeak, a cloud-based IoT platform
A Computer, Laptop or Smartphone to monitor and control the IoT application
Jumper wires
USB AB cable
All the above resources are available in your ATL. In case you wish to buy them for your personal use, you can do so from Amazon, an eCommerce portal.
Live demo of Internet of Things application
Live demo of Internet of Things application
Click the button below to view a live-demo of an Internet of Things application that uses a DHT11 temperature & humidity sensor, NodeMCU micro-controller board, and ThingSpeak IoT Platform. Live temperature and humidity values from the DHT11 sensor is sent via NodeMCU micro-controller to the ThingSpeak IoT Platform on the cloud. We are able to visualize the live temperature and humidity readings when you click the below button.
assignment work:
assignment work:
Build a simple IoT application to remotely monitor a temperature-sensor from ThingSpeak IoT Platform. Refer to the following four slide decks that provide step-by-step instructions for building an end-to-end IoT application.
Download Arduino sketch (code) for sending temperature sensor data from NodeMCU board to ThingSpeak IoT Platform:
This online self-learning resource has been designed and developed by Mr. Kiran Kumar H. S., Regional Mentor of Change – Karnataka, to support ATL Students, Teachers, and Mentors of Change across the country associated with the Atal Innovation Mission, NITI Aayog, Government of India.
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