In Our Nature - Episode 1 References

Shorrocks, B. & Bates, W. The Biology of African Savannahs, 2nd Edn. The Biology of African Savannahs, 2nd Edn (Oxford University Press).

Msoffe, F. U. et al. Wildebeest migration in East Africa: Status, threats and conservation measures. bioRxiv 546747 (2019) doi:10.1101/546747.

Torney, C. J., Hopcraft, J. G. C., Morrison, T. A., Couzin, I. D. & Levin, S. A. From single steps to mass migration: the problem of scale in the movement ecology of the Serengeti wildebeest. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 373, 20170012 (2018).

Sinclair, A. R. E., Metzger, K. L., Mduma, S. A. R. & Fryxell, J. M. Serengeti IV: Sustaining Biodiversity in a Coupled Human-Natural System. (University of Chicago Press, 2015).

Estes, R. D. The Gnu’s World: Serengeti Wildebeest Ecology and Life History. (2014).

Holdo, R. M., Holt, R. D. & Fryxell, J. M. Opposing Rainfall and Plant Nutritional Gradients Best Explain the Wildebeest Migration in the Serengeti. The American Naturalist 173, 431–445 (2009).

Sinclair, A. R. E., Mduma, S. & Brashares, J. S. Patterns of predation in a diverse predator–prey system. Nature 425, 288–290 (2003).

Mduma, S. A. R., Sinclair, A. R. E. & Hilborn, R. Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. Journal of Animal Ecology 68, 1101–1122 (1999).

Froese, D., Stiller, M., Heintzman et al. Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America. PNAS (2017)

C. Geremia, Wallen, R., McGarvey, L., Perez, R., and Blanton, D. 2021. Bison Conservation Update. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wildlife and Aquatic Resources Branch, Bison Program, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA

Knapp, Alan & Blair, John & Briggs, J.M. & Collins, S.L. & Hartnett, D.C. & Johnson, Loretta & Towne, Gene. (1999). The keystone role of bison in North American tallgrass prairie. 49.

Goodman, R., Thompson, M., & Ecoffey, T. Final Swift Fox Project Report to BIA., 2012.

Additional Sources:

• Timeline of the American Bison,

• Interagency Bison Management Plan (website)

• InterTribal Buffalo Council (website)

• Return of the Native: The 25 Year Story of the InterTribal Buffalo Council. Produced by Sam Hurst and Randal Iverson. 2020

• Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie (USDA.gov website)

• The Joliet Army Ammunition Plant (USDA.gov website)

• Military History of the Upper Great Lakes: Joliet Arsenal (website)

• Illinois Natural History Survey: Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie: History and Current Research (website)

• Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie: A Shared Vision for Restoration. National Forest Foundation.

• Satellite Observations Aid Bison Management (NASA.gov website)

• History of Bison Management (NPS.gov website)

• Bison Engineering a Better Yellowstone (NPS.gov website)

• Schweber, Nate. “A new generation cares for ancestral land.” New York Times. Aug. 20, 2014

• St. Fleur, Nicholas. “A Start Date for the Bison Invasion of North America.” New York Times. March 13, 2017.

• Eggert, Amanda. “Rewilding the national mammal.” Montana Free Press. Feb. 22, 2021.

• Johns, Louise. “When the bison come back, will the ecosystem follow?” Wired. June 12, 2021.