Whether a summer internship or co-op during the academic year or undergraduate research with top faculty, hands-on, career-building experiences outside of the classroom assure our engineering and computer science students are well prepared when they graduate. Our dedicated career services department and two engineering and computer science career fairs a year help facilitate great outcomes.
This chapter discusses the elements of economics and the interaction between its variouscomponents. This is followed by an analysis of the need and scope of engineering economics.Later, elements of cost and break-even analysis are presented.
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ScopeThe issues that are covered in this book are elementary economic analysis, interest formulae,bases for comparing alternatives, present worth method, future worth method, annualequivalent method, rate of return method, replacement analysis, depreciation, evaluation ofpublic alternatives, inflation adjusted investment decisions, make or buy decisions, inventorycontrol, project management, value engineering, and linear programming.
The high energy processed polymers are gaining popularity for wide areas of high performance application due to several advantages after irradiation of polymers. Radiation crosslinked polymer at optimised dose demonstrate better property development compared to chemical crosslinking. As radiation processing is more convenient, clean, toxic free and environment friendly compared to peroxide crosslinking and ethylene oxide sterilization. Different polymeric systems can be irradiated by electron beam with controlled and different doses in the large capacity while chemical crosslinking of polymer takes long time for processing of polymer in large capacity which might cause also health hazardous issues to human. Radiation crosslinked polymer at controlled doses show numerous advantages of property development such as excellent mechanical strength, high thermal insulation, electrical insulation, chemical resistance, radiation resistance, anti-microbial property, and environmental stress cracking resistance for long term durability[Singh and J. Silverman (Eds.), 1992, Reichmanis et al.;1993]. Due to excellent improvement in required properties, polymeric material such as thermoplastic, elastomers, thermoset resin, liquid resin, emulsion, paint and ink materials are considered for high performance applications (Shalaby and Clough, 1996; Clough and Roger, 2022). The crosslinked polymeric products are considered on priority basis for sector wise different end use applications e.g. automobile sector, wire and cable insulation, heat shrinkable tube, surface anti-microbial coating, cured ink, emulsion for adhesion, food packaging, hydrophobic cotton fabric, defence and nuclear sector, gasket, seals and O-ring, health care, biomedical (tissue engineering, drug delivery and hydrogel) and sterilization for their excellent performance in desired properties [Clough, R., 2001, W. Knowlle, C. Trautman (Eds), 1999].
Smirnov et al. have investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on polymer composites based on glass and carbon cloth fibers. They have studied several polymer matrices like polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA), and polypropylene (PP) and prepared the polymer composite materials reinforced with glass and carbon cloth fibers. They have observed that the thermoplastic matrix composite of PP and PA shows lower radiation resistance than the PE polymer matrix composite. The thermoplastic matrix based composites were prepared using gamma radiation doses in between 50 and 250 kGy. It was observed that carbon cloth reinforced PE composites show lower radiation resistance than that glass reinforced PE composites. They have also studied the effect of gamma irradiation doses onto polymer composite properties for the application in engineering sectors (Smirnov et al., 2009).
The high energy radiation (gamma and electron beam) processing have opened the door for opportunities for wide areas of applications. The reliability and durability of radiation processed polymeric prodcuts depend upon their mechanical strength, thermal stability, electrical insulation, chemical and environmental resistance (Clough, R., 2001). Due to better property development, the future possibilities and scopes for gamma and electron beam irradiation of functionilzed polymer, polymer blends and composites, nanomaterial and polymeric nanocomposite have been risen up for commercialization e.g. electrical insulation, biomedical sector, tissue engineering, implateble surgical devices, hydrogel, high temperature and radiation resistance polymer material, automobile sector, defence sector and high energy space applications since last decade (Clough, 2001). The gamma irradiation at low controlled dose has been known as popular process for monomer grafting on polymer backbone and strerlization of polymer surgical devices. However relationship between the structural composition of polymeric materials and their irradiation ability with optimization is an imporatnt to apply the right materials for radiation sterilization purpose. be457b7860
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