Photo from Pixles.com
Directed by Mollianne Cameron
Lakota Girls was produced on the Pine Ridge Reservation, exemplifying its use of Fourth Cinema through community-based production, local and non-professional Indigenous casts, and a focus on the Lakota life. The film centers around family, cultural identity, and historical traumas. It offers authentic Indigenous perspectives and follows the minimalist, documentary style of filmmaking using static shots and natural lighting. Lakota Girls also echoes the importance of traditional storytelling and rejects Hollywood norms, highlighting the Fourth Cinema goal of reclaiming Indigenous narratives.
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Set at the Pine Ridge Reservation, eight-year-old Mato Win is forced to spend her summer with another family while her parents recover from an accident. She stays with Clara, another eight-year-old, whom Mato Win does not trust, fearing she will never go back home to the reservation. At the same time, Mato Win's older brother struggles with being separated from his parents and little sister. He finds a way to reach Mato Win by following the spirits and reconnecting with his heritage and culture.
As Mato Win stays with Clara and her family, she learns about Clara's great-grandmother Emylon, who married a Native American man. Their story is more than just two people falling in love, but also about how they would learn to embrace both white and Indigenous cultures. Soon, Mato Win and Clara realize they have more in common than they think.
Directed by Trevor Carroll
From the Ojibway people, filmmaker Trevor Carroll, uses a satirical and role reversal approach in protest to a pipeline running through the Indigenous lands. In using a comedic approach, it helps to highlight the injustices faced by the Native communities. The film features multiple Indigenous actors, such as Lorne Cardinal, to strengthen the authenticity and understanding of the environmental issues the First Nations people are presenting.
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What happens when the roles are reversed, as a major corporation is bringing a pipeline through a white neighborhood rather than a reservation? This short film explores just that, but with a comedic and satirical approach. The neighborhood tries to fight back, but police get involved. When they are forced to give in, the water turns black and undrinkable, just as they feared.
Directed by Justin Deegan
As a citizen of the Three Affiliated Tribes, Justin Deegan created Tahnaanooku' as an experimental, community-rooted, and culturally immersed story to preserve the last of the Arikara language. Deegan's grandmother is one of the last to speak the language, guiding the film through the spiritual and historical ties of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people with the construction of the Garrison Dam. Deegan rejects the Western narrative, choosing a non-linear, metaphor-driven style, to center around the Indigenous values of language, memory, and land. This supports the Fourth Cinema as it reclaims the Indigenous identity and affirms cultural sovereignty.
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Tanhanaanooku' is an experimental short film that explores the deep spiritual connection between the land, water, and the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people. The film takes audiences through the past, present, and future, reflecting on the construction of the Garrison Dam and its manipulation of the Missouri River. The dam has reshaped the landscape and all the lives tied to it. At the heart of the story is Darline, the director's grandmother - an activist for the land and Indigenous people, and one of the last speakers of the ancient Arikara language. Her presence in the film anchors it to its cause of land and cultural preservation, environmental loss, and the strength of Indigenous knowledge and language.
By Larry Estes
Although not set in the Midwest, like other chosen films, Smoke Signals must be noted for its foundation to Fourth Cinema in the United States. It was one of the first films of the post-modern era to be created by an entire Native American group. The film follows two Coeur d'Alene men as they explore the importance of family and reservation life, all through humor and traditional oral storytelling. Smoke Signals reshaped the mainstream viewer of Indigenous people by giving audiences an authentic, lived experience. The success of the film highlights Fourth Cinema by empowering Indigenous voices, reclaiming cultural narratives, and challenging the portrayals of Indigenous people in Hollywood cinema.
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Following two Coeur d'Alene men, Victor Joseph and Thomas Builds-the-Fire, take a trip from their reservation in Idaho to Phoenix, Arizona, to collect the remains of Victor's late father. The two are opposites as Victor quietly broods, and Thomas talks to everyone. The journey becomes more than physical as the two remember the memories they share with Victor's father. Thomas shares how great he was, helping people, taking him out for food, or how he saved Thomas as a child from a burning house. Victor only remembers his alcoholic father, who abandoned him and his mother. Confronting the past, the film is a blend of humor, sorrow, resilience, healing, cultural insights, and the power of storytelling in Indigenous communities.
Written by Mary Crow Dog and Richard Erdoes
Lakota Woman: The Siege at Wounded Knee is a key example of Indigenous Fourth Cinema through production methods, casting, and commitment to authentic storytelling. With the use of oral storytelling techniques and Indigenous movements, the film challenges mainstream portrayals of Indigenous people and of Native history. The film's cast has a majority Indigenous cast, including activists and community members. Each actor brings their own experience to their role, reinforcing the cultural authenticity of the film. Also, the film's use of activism and struggle against assimilation supports the ideas of Fourth Cinema as the film reclaims the Indigenous narrative. Lakota Women is more than just a historical drama; it serves as a form of cultural preservation, ensuring that the significance of the resistance at Wounded Knee is told from an Indigenous perspective.
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The film follows Mary Crow Dog, a Lakota woman who has recently returned from the boarding school where they believes Lakota are being white washed. Before leaving, her grandfather, Fool Bull, tells her the story of Wounded Knee, where their ancestors were massacred in 1890. Mary finds friends along her journey home to Rosebud Indian Reservation. After a near-death collision with a train, some of her friends died, and the turning point for Mary to reclaim her life. She joined the American Indian Movement that occupied the town of Wounded Knee in 1973. The group was supported by various tribe members and Vietnam Veterans, but was continuously taken down by police. Although the fight was long and the Lakota people stood their ground, the police reclaimed Wounded Knee, ending the mission of the American Indian Movement
By Dylan McLauglin
This short three-minute film is a powerful example of Fourth Cinema using experimental visuals and a traditional storytelling format to challenge the environmental and cultural devastation the Dakota Access Pipeline would bring. The film was dedicated to the water protectors, the land, and the water. By rejecting conventional narrative forms and speaking directly from an Indigenous view, We Are in Crisis is a prime example of Fourth Cinema's mission to reclaim the power in narratives, honor the knowledge of Indigenous people, and resist the impacts of men on the land.
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A montage of shots of the area the Dakota Access Pipeline would cross. This short film is dedicated to the water protectors, the land, and the water. The narration shares the story of a great eagle and how it has evolved and taken advantage of the people with empty promises. It shares the destruction of the land and the Indigenous people.
By Josh Tickell and Rebecca Harrell Tickell
Centered around Indigenous struggles, land rights, and resistance, On Sacred Ground is a Fourth Cinema film. Although told from the perspective of an outsider, the film weaves through real footage of the 2016 Dakota Access Pipeline protests and a fictional narrative. The story highlights tensions between corporate interests, state power, and the Sioux people with rights to their sacred land. Throughout the transformation of the main character, he and the audience learn an understanding of the Water Protectors' cause and the trauma inflicted on the land and people. The commitment to telling a story grounded in Native freedom and environmental justice places the film under the mission of Fourth Cinema: evaluating Indigenous voices, preserving cultural identity, and challenging the dominant narrative through storytelling.
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The film On Sacred Ground is a narrative piece focusing on the protests and political disputes of the 2016 Dakota Access Pipeline. The construction of the pipeline was to aid in transferring oil from the northern part of the country to the southern portion of Texas. The main conflict of the film follows a retired Army veteran, Dan McCallister, who now works as a freelance journalist and suffers from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Seeing the protestors, the Water Protectors, and state officers triggers his PTSD as he is trying to gain information for his upcoming articles. By continuing to come back and witness what is happening in the Water Protectors and learning what they are fighting for, Dan realizes he was wrong about the pipeline. The land it is being built on should belong to the Sioux tribes, and the government and pipeline companies are ignoring the rights of the Sioux people. After saving one of the Water Protectors leaders from a flash grenade from the pipeline security, they help perform a ritual for Dan to help him heal not only from the attack on the protestors, but also his PTSD.
The film uses many clips at the beginning and throughout the film of real footage from 2016. There is news footage, videos from YouTube, and other clips from protests and rallies against the pipeline. The directors Josh Tickell and Rebecca Harrell Tickell, also use a lot of montage shots to show what Dan's mind is facing while having his PTSD episodes. It is combined with some Visual effects, but mostly special effects. This includes different lighting scenarios that shift the mood of the film. When emotions need to be increased, there is a shift in harsh red and orange lighting, or strong blues and cool lighting.
Directed by Oliver Tuthill
Wounded Heart: Pine Ridge and the Sioux lets the viewer hear from the inhabitants of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in stark, honest terms about their lives on the reservation and the obstacles they experience. This embodies Fourth Cinema in its vivid and unvarnished expression of Indigenous peoples' voices and lives, without the filter of non-Indigenous opinion or interpretation.
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Filmed on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in western South Dakota, this cinema-verité documentary speaks with residents of the reservation about their experiences, concerns, hopes, and solutions for the various problems affecting the tribe. Lack of US Government support, alcoholism and other addiction, and loss of culture are the primary causes for the state of poverty in which the tribe lives.
Having their own voice and agency as a solution is repeated throughout, which correlates to the Fourth Cinema objective of taking control of the filmmaking process, and complaints about native culture erasure and racism are what give rise to Fourth Cinema films, which express the lives and cultures of American Indian subjects.