In His Own Words X Documentary Download PORTABLE

Even though Silva had known little about how children learn to read or how reading should be taught, he'd long been aware that some older students were struggling too. He'd been a middle school and high school teacher for years, and he had students who came across words they'd never seen before and had no idea how to sound them out.

Harper went to a professional development day at one of the district's lowest-performing elementary schools. The teachers were talking about how kids should attack words in a story. When a child came to a word he didn't know, the teacher would tell him to look at the picture and guess. The most important thing was for the child to understand the meaning of the story, not the exact words on the page. So, if a kid came to the word "horse" and said "house," the teacher would say it's wrong. But, Harper said, "if the kid said 'pony,' it'd be right because pony and horse mean the same thing."

In His Own Words X Documentary Download

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Another big takeaway from decades of scientific research is that, while we use our eyes to read, the starting point for reading is sound. What a child must do to become a reader is to figure out how the words she hears and knows how to say connect to letters on the page. Writing is a code humans invented to represent speech sounds. Kids have to crack that code to become readers.

Debates about reading go back centuries. In the 1800s, Horace Mann, the father of the public-school movement in the United States, railed against the idea of teaching children that letters represent sounds. He referred to letters of the alphabet as "bloodless, ghastly apparitions" and argued that children would be distracted from comprehending the meaning of what they were reading if they focused too much on letters. He believed children should be taught to read whole words.

On the other side of the debate were people who believed in phonics. That means teaching children that words are made up of parts and showing them how different letters and combinations of letters connect to the speech sounds in words.

Whole language was a movement of people who believed that children and teachers needed to be freed from the tedium of phonics instruction. Phonics lessons were seen as rote, old-fashioned, and kind of conservative. The essential idea in whole language was that children construct their own knowledge and meaning from experience. Teaching them phonics wasn't necessary because learning to read was a natural process that would occur if they were immersed in a print-rich environment. Whole language proponents thought phonics lessons might actually be bad for kids, might inhibit children from developing a love of reading by making them focus on tedious skills like breaking words into parts.

The Bethlehem schools now use a curriculum in the early elementary grades that mixes teacher-directed whole-class phonics lessons with small-group activities to meet the needs of children at different points in the process of learning to read. At first, some of the teachers recoiled a bit at the scripted nature of the lessons; the curriculum is explicit and systematic, with every teacher on the same page each day. If the curriculum says today's the day for kindergarteners to learn words that begin with the sounds "wuh" and "guh," you can walk into any kindergarten classroom in the district and see the teacher doing that lesson.

Reeves said she knows this from her own experience. In the early 1990s, before she started her Ph.D., she was an elementary school teacher. Her students did phonics worksheets and then got little books called decodable readers that contained words with the letter patterns they'd been practicing. She said the books were boring and repetitive. "But as soon as I sat down with my first-graders and read a book, like 'Frog and Toad Are Friends,' they were instantly engaged in the story," she said.

Mary Ariail, former chair of the Department of Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education at the University of Southern Mississippi, remains opposed to explicit phonics instruction. She thinks it can be helpful to do some phonics with kids as they're reading books, maybe prompt a child to sound something out or to notice a letter pattern in a word. But she believes kids will be distracted from understanding the meaning of what they're reading if teachers focus too much on how words are made up of letters. "One of the ideas behind whole language is that when [reading] is meaningful, it's easy," she said. "And when it's broken down into little parts, it makes it harder."

What's also clear in the research is that phonics isn't enough. Children can learn to decode words without knowing what the words mean. To comprehend what they're reading, kids need a good vocabulary, too. That's why reading to kids and surrounding them with quality books is a good idea. The whole language proponents are right about that.

According to all the research, what you should see in every school is a heavy emphasis on explicit phonics instruction in the early grades. There is no evidence this turns kids off to reading or makes reading harder. In fact, it's the opposite. If you do a good job teaching phonics in the early grades, kids get off to a quicker start. "And they accelerate their progress faster and read more and like it better and so it becomes a self-reinforcing cycle," Moats said. "Whereas the converse is true. When you don't give kids insight into the code and don't arm them with insight into language, both spoken and written, what happens is, 'This is a mystery. I'm not sure I'm getting what these words really say. Therefore, I'm uncomfortable. And therefore, I don't really like it.'"

Liz Stubbs has assembled a book of interviews that will prove compulsive reading for makers of documentary films and anyone interested in the nonfiction format. A real sense of history informs this collection and a compelling picture of the evolution of direct cinema emerges as you read through these intelligent interviews. The list of 13 documentarians queried reads like a "Who's Who" of nonfiction filmmakers: Albert Maysles, Susan Froemke, DA Pennebaker, Chris Hegedus, Ken Burns, Ross McElwee, Liz Garbus, Nick Broomfield, Joe Berlinger, Bruce Sinofsky, Irving Saraf, Allie Light and Barbara Kopple.

Maysles' 1968 documentary Salesman, honored in 1992 by the Library of Congress (and recently released as a fine DVD on the Criterion label) is a foundational work in direct cinema and a wrenching portrait of what Stubbs calls the "American heart." Maysles started out as a psychologist, and his primary concern is empathy for the subjects of his documentaries. "If you don't empathize somehow or other, you can see it in your results," says Maysles. "The photography lacks a heart..."

Maysles explains why he has not used traditional interview techniques. "When you do an interview, the answer is your question, so it's a set-up every time, and you're getting away from what documentary should do," he explains, "which is to film people's experiences, rather than set up an artificial situation where you're pumping them for information." Maysles also discusses his other landmark works, including Gimme Shelter (1969) Grey Gardens (1976) and LaLee's Kin (2000), and his newfound passion for shooting on digital video.

Stubbs closes her book with an upbeat interview with Barbara Kopple titled "Through the Lens Fearlessly." Kopple, who has won Academy Awards for her feature documentaries Harlan County, U.S.A. (1976) and American Dream (1990), had a background in clinical psychology and started out working with Albert Maysles, a relationship that she calls her "first really, really big experience in filmmaking." Equally at home with fiction and nonfiction filmmaking, Koppel characterizes her documentary style as cinma vrit. For Wild Man Blues (2001), her film about Woody Allen, Kopple says, "We tried to make ourselves guerrilla filmmakers. We put a wireless mic on Woody and Soon-Yi and let them run."

Below is a list of words related to documentary. You can click words for definitions. Sorry if there's a few unusual suggestions! The algorithm isn't perfect, but it does a pretty good job for common-ish words. Here's the list of words that are related to documentary:

P.S. There are some problems that I'm aware of, but can't currently fix (because they are out of the scope of this project). The main one is that individual words can have many different senses (meanings), so when you search for a word like mean, the engine doesn't know which definition you're referring to ("bullies are mean" vs. "what do you mean?", etc.), so consider that your search query for words like term may be a bit ambiguous to the engine in that sense, and the related terms that are returned may reflect this. You might also be wondering: What type of word is ~term~?

Related Words runs on several different algorithms which compete to get their results higher in the list. One such algorithm uses word embedding to convert words into many dimensional vectors which represent their meanings. The vectors of the words in your query are compared to a huge database of of pre-computed vectors to find similar words. Another algorithm crawls through Concept Net to find words which have some meaningful relationship with your query. These algorithms, and several more, are what allows Related Words to give you... related words - rather than just direct synonyms.

As well as finding words related to other words, you can enter phrases and it should give you related words and phrases, so long as the phrase/sentence you entered isn't too long. You will probably get some weird results every now and then - that's just the nature of the engine in its current state.

Below is a massive list of documentary words - that is, words related to documentary. The top 4 are: movie, film, video and screenplay. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with documentary, and as you go down the relatedness becomes more slight. By default, the words are sorted by relevance/relatedness, but you can also get the most common documentary terms by using the menu below, and there's also the option to sort the words alphabetically so you can get documentary words starting with a particular letter. You can also filter the word list so it only shows words that are also related to another word of your choosing. So for example, you could enter "movie" and click "filter", and it'd give you words that are related to documentary and movie. ff782bc1db