Muhammad, I., Rospocher, M., Žitnik, S., & Knez, T. (2026). Benchmarking large language models for target-based financial sentiment and stock return. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-026-01201-x

Muhammad, I., & Rospocher, M. (2025). On assessing the performance of LLMs for target-level sentiment analysis in financial news headlines. Algorithms, 18(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010046 

Muhammad, I., Rospocher, M., Knez, T., & Žitnik, S. (2025). Benchmarking large language models for target-based financial sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2025), Cagliari, Italy, September 24–26, 2025. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-4112/73_main_long.pdf

Muhammad, I., Shabbir, M. S., Saleem, S., Bilal, K., & Ulucak, R. (2021). Nexus between willingness to pay for renewable energy sources: Evidence from Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(3), 2972–2986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10414-x

Shabbir, M. S., & Muhammad, I. (2019). The dynamic impact of foreign portfolio investment on stock prices in Pakistan. Transnational Corporations Review, 11(2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2019.1616508

Dogan, E., & Muhammad, I. (2019). Willingness to pay for renewable electricity: A contingent valuation study in Turkey. The Electricity Journal, 32(10), 106677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2019.106677

Muhammad, I., Rospocher, M., Minozzo, M., & Biemann, C. Forecasting Risk-Adjusted Stock Returns with Firm-Specific News Sentiment: Evidence from Large Language Models. Journal of Forecasting (under review).