H. Li, S. Shen, M. Nerini, and B. Clerckx, "Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces 2.0: Beyond diagonal phase shift matrices," IEEE Commun. Mag., 2023.
H. Li, M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "A tutorial on beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: Modeling, architectures, system design and optimization, and applications," arXiv:2505.16504, 2025.
S. Shen, B. Clerckx, and R. Murch, "Modeling and architecture design of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces using scattering parameter network analysis," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2022.
H. Li, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: From transmitting and reflecting modes to single-, group-, and fully-connected architectures," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2023.
H. Li, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A multi-sector mode enabling highly directional full-space wireless coverage," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 2023.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, H. Li, and B. Clerckx, "Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces utilizing graph theory: Modeling, architecture design, and optimization," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2024.
M. Nerini, and B. Clerckx, "Pareto frontier for the performance-complexity trade-off in beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2023.
Z. Wu, and B. Clerckx, "Beyond diagonal RIS in multiuser MIMO: Graph theoretic modeling and optimal architectures with low complexity," arXiv:2502.16509, 2025.
X. Zhou, T. Fang, and Y. Mao, "A novel Q-stem connected architecture for beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," arXiv:2411.18480, 2024.
M. Nerini, and B. Clerckx, "Dual-polarized beyond diagonal RIS," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2025.
Q. Li et al., "Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces relying on non-diagonal phase shift matrices," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2022.
H. Li, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "A dynamic grouping strategy for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with hybrid transmitting and reflecting mode," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2023.
Q. Li, M. El-Hajjar, I. Hemadeh, A. Shojaeifard, and L. Hanzo, "Coordinated Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Non-Diagonal Group-Connected Design," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2024.
Y. Dong, Q. Li, S. X. Ng, and M. El-Hajjar, "Reconfigurable intelligent surface relying on low-complexity joint sector non-diagonal structure," IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol., 2024.
H. Li, and B. Clerckx, "Non-reciprocal beyond diagonal RIS: Multiport network models and performance benefits in full-duplex systems," arXiv:2411.04370, 2024.
J. Xu, H. Wang, R. Liu, J. A. Nossek, and A. L. Swindlehurst, "Non-reciprocal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," arXiv:2411.15617, 2024.
Z. Liu, H. Li, and B. Clerckx, "Non-reciprocal beyond diagonal RIS: Sum-rate maximization in full-duplex communications," arXiv:2411.18523, 2024.
G. Bartoli, A. Abrardo, N. Decarli, D. Dardari, and M. Di Renzo, "Spatial multiplexing in near field MIMO channels with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IET Signal Processing, 2023.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Closed-form global optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2023.
M.-A. Kim, S.-G. Yoo, H.-D. Kim, K.-H. Shin, and H.-K. Song, "Scattering matrix design of reconfigurable intelligent surface based on group connected impedance network in MU-MIMO system," International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 2023.
T. Fang, and Y. Mao, "A low-complexity beamforming design for beyond-diagonal RIS aided multi-user networks," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2023.
I. Santamaria, M. Soleymani, E. Jorswieck, and J. Gutierrez, "SNR maximization in beyond diagonal RIS-assisted single and multiple antenna links," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., 2023.
Y. Zhou, Y. Liu, H. Li, Q. Wu, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Optimizing power consumption, energy efficiency and sum-rate using beyond diagonal RIS — A unified approach," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2023.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Static grouping strategy design for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2024.
W. Sun, S. Sun, T. Shi, X. Su, and R. Liu, "A new model of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) for the corresponding quantization and optimization," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2024.
I. Santamaria, M. Soleymani, E. Jorswieck, and J. Gutiérrez, "MIMO capacity maximization with beyond-diagonal RIS," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
E. Björnson, and Ö. T. Demir, "Capacity maximization for MIMO channels assisted by beyond-diagonal RIS," arXiv:2411.18298, 2024.
Z. Wu, and B. Clerckx, "Optimization of beyond diagonal RIS: A universal framework applicable to arbitrary architectures", arXiv:2412.15965, 2024.
C. Zhang, W. U. Khan, A. K. Bashir, A. K. Dutta, A. U. Rehman, and M. M. Al Dabel, "Sum rate maximization for 6G beyond diagonal RIS-assisted multi-cell transportation systems," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 2025.
X. Zhou, T. Fang., and Y. Mao, "Joint active and passive beamforming optimization for beyond diagonal RIS-aided multi-user communications," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2025.
I. Santamaria, M. Soleymani, E. Jorswieck, and J. Gutiérrez, "Interference minimization in beyond-diagonal RIS-assisted MIMO interference channels," in IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol., 2025.
I. Santamaria, J. Gutierrez, M. Soleymani, and E. Jorswieck, "Rate analysis and optimization of LoS beyond diagonal RIS-assisted MIMO systems," arXiv:2504.07647, 2024.
Y. Li, J. Zheng, B. Xu, Y. Zhu, J. Zhang, and B. Ai, "Beamforming design for beyond diagonal RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO systems," arXiv:2503.07189, 2025.
R. Cerna Loli, and B. Clerckx, "Meta-learning based optimization for large scale wireless systems," arXiv:2407.01823, 2024.
S. Sobhi-Givi, M. Nouri, H. Behroozi, and Z. Ding, "Joint BS and beyond diagonal RIS beamforming design with DRL methods for mmWave 6G mobile communications," IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2024.
A. Farhadi, R. Hatami, M. R. Mili, C. Masouros, and M. Bennis, "A meta-learning approach for energy-efficient resource allocation and antenna selection in STAR-BD-RIS aided wireless networks," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 2025.
M. Samy, A. B. M. Adam, K. Ntontin, H. Al-Hraishawi, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Otteresten, "Enhancing spectral and energy efficiency with multi-sector beyond-diagonal RIS," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
M. Samy, H. Al-Hraishawi, A. B. M. Adam, K. Ntontin, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Otteresten, "Beyond diagonal RIS-aided networks: Performance analysis and sectorization tradeoff," IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., 2025.
H. Li, Y. Zhang, and B. Clerckx, "Channel estimation for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with group-connected architectures," IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), 2023.
H. Li, S. Shen, Y. Zhang, and B. Clerckx, "Channel estimation and beamforming for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2024.
A. L. F. de Almeida, B. Sokal, H. Li, and B. Clerckx, "Channel estimation for beyond diagonal RIS via tensor decomposition," arXiv:2407.20402, 2024.
N. Ginige, A. S. de Sena, N. H. Mahmood, N. Rajatheva, and M. Latva-aho, "Efficient channel prediction for beyond diagonal RIS-assisted MIMO systems with channel aging," arXiv:2411.17725, 2024.
G. T de Araujo, and A. L. F. de Almeida, "Semi-blind channel estimation for beyond diagonal RIS," arXiv:2412.02824, 2024.
B. Sokal, Fazal-E-Asim, A. L. F. de Almeida, H. Li, and B. Clerckx, "A decoupled channel estimation method for beyond diagonal RIS," arXiv:2412.06683, 2024.
R. Wang, S. Zhang, and L. Liu, "Low-overhead channel estimation for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface aided single-user communication," 2024 16th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), 2024.
R. Wang, S. Zhang, B. Clerckx and L. Liu, "Low-overhead channel estimation framework for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted multi-user MIMO communication," arXiv:2504.10911, 2025.
M. Samy, H. Al-Hraishawi, A. B. M. Adam, M. Alsenwi, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Otteresten, "Low-complexity channel estimation protocol for non-diagonal RIS-assisted communications," arXiv:2504.19791, 2025.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, H. Li, M. Di Renzo, and B. Clerckx, "A universal framework for multiport network analysis of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2024.
P. del Hougne, "Physics-compliant diagonal representation of beyond-diagonal RIS," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
P. del Hougne, "A physics-compliant diagonal representation for wireless channels parametrized by beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2025.
D. Wijekoon, A. Mezghani, G. C. Alexandropoulos, and E. Hossain, "Physically-consistent modeling and optimization of non-local RIS-assisted multi-user MIMO communication systems," arXiv:2406.05617, 2024.
M. Nerini, G. Gradoni, and B. Clerckx, "Physics-compliant modeling and scaling laws of multi-RIS aided MIMO systems," arXiv:2411.06309, 2024.
M. Nerini, G. Ghiaasi, and B. Clerckx, "Localized and distributed beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with lossy interconnections: Modeling and optimization," IEEE Trans. Commun., 2025.
Y. Peng, H. Li, Z. Wu, and B. Clerckx, "Lossy beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: Modeling and optimization," arXiv:2504.19744, 2025.
A. S. de Sena, M. Rasti, N. H. Mahmood, and M. Latva-aho, "Beyond diagonal RIS for multi-band multi-cell MIMO networks: A practical frequency-dependent model and performance analysis," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2025.
M. Soleymani, I. Santamaria, A. Sezgin, and E. Jorswieck, "Maximizing spectral and energy efficiency in multi-user MIMO OFDM systems with RIS and hardware impairment," arXiv:2401.11921, 2024.
H. Li, M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Wideband modeling and beamforming for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
H. Li, M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in wideband OFDM communications: Circuit-based modeling and optimization," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2025.
O. T. Demir, and E. Bjornson, "Wideband channel capacity maximization with beyond diagonal RIS reflection matrices," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 2024.
K. D. Katsanos, P. Di Lorenzo, and G. C. Alexandropoulos, "The interference broadcast channel with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A cooperative sum-rate maximization approach," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
K. D. Katsanos, P. Di Lorenzo, and G. C. Alexandropoulos, "Multi-RIS-empowered multiple access: A distributed sum-rate maximization approach," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process., 2024.
H. Li, S. Shen, M. Nerini, M. Di Renzo, and B. Clerckx, "Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with mutual coupling: Modeling and optimization," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2024.
M. Nerini, H. Li, and B. Clerckx, "Global optimal closed-form solutions for intelligent surfaces with mutual coupling: Is mutual coupling detrimental or beneficial?," arXiv:2411.04949, 2024.
D. Semmler, J. A. Nossek, M. Joham, B. Böck, W. Utschick, "Decoupling networks and super-quadratic gains for RIS systems with mutual coupling," arXiv:2411.17779, 2024.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Discrete-value group and fully connected architectures for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2023.
H. Wang, Z. Han, and L. Swindlehurst, "Channel reciprocity attacks using intelligent surfaces with non-diagonal phase shifts," IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., 2024.
Y. Zhao, H. Li, M. Franceschetti, and B. Clerckx, "Channel shaping using beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface: Analysis, optimization, and enhanced flexibility," arXiv:2407.15196, 2024.
H. Yahya, H. Li, M. Nerini, B. Clerckx, and M. Debbah, "Beyond diagonal RIS: Passive maximum ratio transmission and interference nulling enabler," IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., 2024.
H. Wang, J. Nossek, and A. L. Swindlehurst, "Beyond-diagonal RIS attacks on physical layer key generation," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
X. Qin, W. Yu, Q. Ni, Z. Song, T. Hou, and X. Sun, "Joint resource allocation and beamforming design for BD-RIS-assisted wireless-powered cooperative mobile edge computing," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2025.
Y. Zhang, X. Shao, H. Li, B. Clerckx, and R. Zhang, "Full-space wireless sensing enabled by multi-sector Intelligent surfaces," arXiv:2406.15945, 2024.
M. Raeisi, H. Chen, H. Wymeersch, and E. Basar, "Efficient localization with base station-integrated beyond diagonal RIS," arXiv:2411.13295, 2024.
A. Mahmood, T. X. Vu, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, "Enhancing indoor and outdoor THz communications with beyond diagonal-IRS: Optimization and performance analysis," arXiv:2403.17913, 2024.
W. U. Khan, A. Mahmood, M. A. Jamshed, E. Lagunas, M. Ahmed, and S. Chatzinotas, "Beyond diagonal RIS for 6G non-terrestrial networks: Potentials and challenges," IEEE Network, 2024.
M. Nerini, and B. Clerckx, "Physically consistent modeling of stacked intelligent metasurfaces implemented with beyond diagonal RIS," IEEE Commun. Lett., 2024.
T. D. Hua, M. Mohammadi, H. Q. Ngo, and M. Matthaiou, "Cell-free massive MIMO SWIPT with beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," arXiv:2402.00646, 2024.
A. Azarbahram, O. L. A. López, B. Clerckx, M. Di Renzo, and M. Latva-aho, "Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for multi-carrier RF wireless power transfer," arXiv:2501.01787, 2025.
A. Azarbahram, O. L. A. Lopez, B. Clerckx, M. Di Renzo, and M. Latva-Aho, "Beamforming and Waveform optimization for RF wireless power transfer with beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," arXiv:2502.19176, 2025.
A. Agarwal, and K. Singh, "Enhanced physical layer security for wireless systems with non-diagonal IRS," IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS), 2023.
S. Lin, Y. Zou, Y. Jiang, L. Yang, Z. Cui, and L. Tran, "Securing FC-RIS and UAV empowered multiuser communications against a randomly flying eavesdropper," arXiv:2408.14261, 2024.
A. M. Huroon, Y. -C. Huang, and L. -C. Wang, "Optimized transmission strategy for UAV-RIS 2.0 assisted communications using rate splitting multiple access," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Fall), 2023.
A. Mahmood, T. X. Vu, W. U. Khan, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, "Joint computation and communication resource optimization for beyond diagonal UAV-IRS empowered MEC networks," arXiv:2311.07199, 2023.
A. Mishra, Y. Mao, C. D’Andrea, S. Buzzi, and B. Clerckx, "Transmitter side beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface for massive MIMO networks," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 2023.
M. Raeisi, H. Chen, H. Wymeersch, and E. Basar, "Modern base station architecture: Enabling passive beamforming with beyond diagonal RISs," arXiv:2501.15382, 2025.
B. Wang, H. Li, Z. Cheng, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "A dual-function radar-communication system empowered by beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface," IEEE Trans. Commun., 2024.
T. Esmaeilbeig, K. V. Mishra, and M. Soltanalian, "Beyond diagonal RIS: Key to next-generation integrated sensing and communications?," arXiv:2402.14157, 2024.
Z. Guang, Y. Liu, Q. Wu, W. Wang, and Q. Shi, "Power minimization for ISAC system using beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2024.
Z. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Shen, Q. Wu, and Q. Shi, "Enhancing ISAC network throughput using beyond diagonal RIS," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 2024.
K. Chen, and Y. Mao, "Transmitter side beyond-diagonal RIS for mmWave integrated sensing and communications," IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2024.
T. L. Nguyen, G. Kaddoum, B. Selim, and C. Assi, "Beyond diagonal RIS for ISAC network: Statistical analysis and network parameter estimation," arXiv:2502.12916, 2024.
D. Wang, Z. Wang, W. Yang, H. Zhao, Y. He, and L. Li, "Enhanced ISAC framework for moving target assisted by beyond-diagonal RIS: Accurate localization and efficient communication," IEEE Trans. Network Sci. Eng., 2025.
S. Zheng, and S. Zhang, "Beyond diagonal intelligent reflecting surface aided integrated sensing and communication," IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw. , 2025.
S. Zheng, and S. Zhang, "BD-IRS aided uplink ISAC exploiting prior information: SDMA or TDMA?," accepted to appear in Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop Signal Process. Artificial Intell. Wireless Commun. (SPAWC), 2025.
T. Fang, Y. Mao, S. Shen, Z. Zhu, and B. Clerckx, "Fully connected reconfigurable intelligent surface aided rate-splitting multiple access for multi-user multi-antenna transmission," IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2022.
M.-A. Kim, S.-G. Yoo, H.-D. Kim, K.-H. Shin, Y.-H. You, and H.-K. Song, "Group-connected impedance network of RIS-assisted rate-splitting multiple access in MU-MIMO wireless communication systems," Sensors, 2023.
M. Soleymani, I. Santamaria, E. Jorswieck, and B. Clerckx, "Optimization of rate-splitting multiple access in beyond diagonal RIS-assisted URLLC systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2023.
H. Li, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, "Synergizing beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface and rate-splitting multiple access," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 2024.
S. Khisa, A. Amhaz, M. Elhattab, C. Assi, and S. Sharafeddine, "Gradient-based meta learning for uplink RSMA with beyond diagonal RIS," arXiv:2410.17896, 2024.
Q. Zhang, G. Luo, Z. Dong, F. Sun, X. Wang, and J. Liu, "Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface enhanced NOMA systems," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 2024.
A. Agarwal, and K. Singh, "Fairness driven joint phase and PAC optimization for NOMA transmission with D/ND-IRS," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2025.
Z. Ming, S. Shen, J. Rao, Z. Li, J. Zhang, C. Y. Chiu, and R. Murch, "A hybrid transmitting and reflecting beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface with independent beam control and power splitting," arXiv:2504.09618, 2025.
J. Tapie, M. Nerini, B. Clerckx, and P. del Hougne, "Beyond-diagonal RIS prototype and performance evaluation," arXiv:2505.13392, 2025.