Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Showcasing Supernatural Strength: The Impact on Jewish and Greek Culture through Mythical Characters
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
With an aim to understand how storytelling and mythology reveal culture, this research compares the characterization of the Fallen Angels in The Book of Enoch to the Greek gods in the epic poem Theogony. First this research surveys the scholarly conversation surrounding each text's plot and character to provide a foundation to understand the texts. Then this research investigates the portrayal of authoritative characters in a supernatural setting, to reveal that in The Book of Enoch, supernatural beings are models for how to behave to receive God's approval in the context of Judaism, while Theogony presents a hierarchy intended for Greek society to mirror. This research is important because it suggests that both texts can be viewed as a user's manual for how each culture views how others should be treated.
Campus: LSC-Montgomery
Director/Mentor: Dr. David Oviatt
Title: "I Hate My Job!": Analyzing the Impact of Hispanic and American Culture on Burnout in Corporate Office Jobs
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This study analyzes the of impact Hispanic and American culture on individuals' perception of burnout in order to propose culture-conscious primary and secondary interventions for burnout in corporate office jobs. The rising rates of burnout have led psychologists, such as Catherine Cohen, to propose various approaches for addressing workplace stress, but little scholarship uses culture-conscious methods when considering interventions for burnout. In this study, Hispanic and American cultures are analyzed to denote individualistic and collectivist cultures' contrasting perceptions of burnout. Previously proposed methods of addressing burnout are then thoroughly explored in order to understand why these methods have yet to be successful. Moreover, Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and Tajfel & Turner's Social Identity Theory are utilized to propose culture-conscious interventions for burnout in corporate office jobs. Ultimately, this research posits that Hispanic cultures may respond best to primary interventions that develop social identity, while American cultures may benefit from primary and secondary interventions that focus on the self. The results of this study enhance scholars' understanding of how to appropriately approach employee burnout, but future research should expand on the current understanding of burnout by analyzing other cultures and conducting company-specific studies.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: The Experiences of a Filipino Immigrant
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
My Intercultural Research Poster is going to focus on specific aspects of Filipino culture compared to how it's done in America, specifically including the importance of being constantly close to family, the more fast-paced nature of American society vs the conservative-pace expected of Filipino life, the types of demands made by both, and then finally where I find myself in between it all.
The sources I'll utilize are obviously examples from my own life experiences so far, including the times I've visited and stayed in the Philippines during the Summer these past couple of years, and I'll even provide vacation photos of myself as proof in the poster. For me, a key take-away from my intercultural experience is that I often find myself on a spectrum between the two ends as an immigrant where I constantly find myself identifying more as one or the other, where sometimes the expectations for society given to me by Filipino upbringing make me unprepared for American life scenarios, and sometimes the amount of change I've had from my many years in America leaves me feeling disconnected from my Filipino peers. It has often left me feeling dissatisfied or anxious whenever I think about who I am as a person. I think it will be good to air out these feelings in an academic manner.
Campus: Lone Star College
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Reflection on Japanese Collectivism vs. Western Individualism
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
My experience studying abroad in & around the Kansai region of Japan has foundationally changed my perspective on the individualist philosophy carried by most members of the dominant Western culture here in America. Many instances & aspects of Japanese life are influenced by the historical necessity for collectivism to endure hardship as a society. In particular, I identified and reflected on four key areas in which I observed or experienced the cultural differences between collectivism and individualism: history & war-related contexts, spirituality (specifically, Shinto & Buddhism) , inclusivity for the disabled, and communication modes emphasizing harmony.
Campus: LSC-University Park
Director/Mentor: Dr. Bryn Benford
Title: The Minerals and Atrocities within the Democratic Republic of Congo
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is by far one of the richest countries in the world due to the natural resources found within the country's borders. The resources within the DRC are tungsten, lithium, gold, silver, cobalt, diamonds, uranium, and many other valuable resources. However, the DRC is currently ranked the sixth highest poverty rate; with 63.9% of their population being at or under the line of poverty; a population of just over 109 million. A factor to consider when analyzing the statistics is that the DRC government officials have worked to keep a great deal of the conditions hidden from prying eyes. Often, they closely monitor researchers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), journalists, and more. But how can one of the most minerally rich countries also be one of the poorest? This is because the DRC has been under colonialist and exploitative foreign powers since 1885. With much of the world's cobalt located in the DRC, the Congolese people are treated as modern-day slaves by both foreign and domestic militias. Children are forced into mining as young as two years old to help provide for their families. What makes cobalt so valuable? Without cobalt, we wouldn't be able to have the rechargeable devices we have today for example, tablets, phones, laptops, wireless headphones, electric vehicles, and so many more items. In 2021 alone, 72% of the cobalt mined came from the DRC. While big companies like Apple, Samsung, Tesla, Microsoft, Ford, BMW, and many others profit; the Congolese people average two USD per capita, daily. At this year's IEB, I will use this opportunity to highlight the atrocities being committed against the Congolese people, educate others who may not be aware, and let them know what they can do to help.
Campus: LSC-Montgomery
Director/Mentor: Mr. Michael Maningas
Title: Delegation and Determination: Leadership Expressed in Partner Dynamics and Strategy at the National Model United Nations Conference
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
With an aim to identify what classifies a successful leader in a group setting, this study explores leadership theory in transactional leadership, transformational leadership and charismatic leadership as frameworks for conducting an autoethnography of the National Model United Nations (NMUN) conference. The autoethnography follows the relationship dynamics, leadership styles, and experiences of Survival International representatives of the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC), ultimately highlighting primaries of good leadership amongst Outstanding Delegates in a cross-cultural setting. The NMUN conference, held annually in New York City, emphasizes collaborative work, civic engagement, and cultural competency as student-led factors when writing a draft resolution on real-world issues. It's comprised of domestic and international university and college students. In preparation for the conference, Lone Star College students practice speech writing, execution, and formulate strong position papers for either Country or Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), inherently strengthening their leadership skills months prior. The results of the autoethnographic study emphasize the importance of charisma and unique partner dynamic equating to success at a large conference with cross-cultural components. Further research can be conducted on small-group theory to emphasize the quality of good leadership in small quantities as well as intercultural theory to explore the cultural competency necessary for succeeding as a modern leader.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: My Moroccan Experience
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
One of the main cultural components I wanted to reflect upon in my poster is the concept of modesty for Moroccans and Americans. Many students have the belief that Moroccans enforce the hijab or that a woman must cover herself entirely, but from what I learned in my experience in Morroco, these rules do not exist. In fact many women across the country dress in a very Western style especially the younger generation. Of course there is still places in Morrocco where you adhere to more modest standards like Fez. I taken many photos on my study abroad to show the difference in In my poster, I aimed to explore the concept of modesty in Moroccan and American cultures. Many people believe that Moroccans strictly enforce the hijab or that women must cover themselves completely. However, based on my experience in Morocco, I have learned that these rules do not universally apply. In fact, many women, especially the younger generation, dress in a very Western style across the country. While there are still places in Morocco, such as Fez, where more modest dress standards are followed, there is also a variety of styles. During my study abroad, I took many photos to illustrate the differences in modesty standards.modesty standards. Other cultural components I would also like to touch on is the difference between privacy between genders and food differences in relation to food portions and typical lunch or breakfast meals.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: The Venezuelan Economic Downfall and its Impact on its People
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
Venezuela has gone through a lot of cultural changes due to its economic downfall leading to a change in demographics that led the country to have 7,7 million Venezuelans leave the country in hopes of a better future outside their country. I want to reflect on the reasons why Venezuela is where it is now one of the poorest countries in Latin America considering that in the early century was between the wealthiest countries in the region. Furthermore, I want to reflect on the economic impact that food insecurity and poverty have had on its population and the shift in culture and impact that it has in the region for example the exodus of millions of Venezuelans has not only changed the country's demographics but also contributed to a cultural shift. Natives from bordering countries have been impacted by the presence of Venezuela which has had a significant impact when it comes to food, foreign dialects, and demographics.
Ultimately, this presentation emphasizes the economic impact that has had a shift in not only Venezuelan culture but regional culture as well.
Campus: LSC-CyFair
Director/Mentor: Prof. Marisol Hall
Title: The Connection of a City's Geography to Air Pollution and Asthma Rates: A Comparison of Two South American Cities
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
To determine how geographical differences influence air pollution and its impact on asthma rates, this study analyzes their correlation in the South American cities of Santiago, Chile, located in a valley, and Lima, Peru, situated on the coast from 2004 to 2023. Santiago's community has previously linked its surrounding mountains to the accumulation of air pollutants in its valley, meanwhile, Lima's community has not linked the city's geography to air pollution. A literature review was conducted for both cities since they have comparable populations, industries, and urban area sizes, only differing in their geography. Their respective geographies, particulate matter levels, and local asthma rates derived from Peru and Chile's public hospital admission data were analyzed. Research articles such as Vu et al. (2021) for Lima and Franck et al. (2015) for Santiago were examined for their data to later compare and identify the city with higher particulate matter and asthma rates. According to the derived data, ocean winds in Lima aid in the dispersion of air pollutants, while the mountains surrounding Santiago, such as the Andes Mountain range, accumulate air pollutants. Due to the higher particulate matter levels in Santiago, asthma rates were higher than in Lima. They indicated a stronger correlation between higher particulate matter levels and increases in asthma incidences in Santiago. To further understand air pollution and asthma rate patterns, future research should explore how the weather conditions, such as wind, temperature, and precipitation, of each city can alter the correlation between air pollution and asthma rates.
Campus: Lone Star College
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: Lasting Colonial Impacts on Culture in United States, Mexico and Philippines
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
I plan on writing my cultural component on Individualism versus Collectivism in the United States, Philippines, and Mexico. I studied abroad in the Philippines in summer 2024 and I got the chance to experience how it was like to be a student in college in the Philippines. While studying abroad I compared the average life of the students in college if they are individualism or collectivism. I compared the average life of the students in college if they live by themselves or not and at what age was considered normal to be living by themselves. I compared the expected age of marriage between the three countries. I compared the expected degree in college from the three countries. I was born and raised in the United States but I come from a Mexican household and beliefs which has taken a toll in my perspective and views. Being born and raised in the United States applied pressure on me to be 18 years old and living in a college dorm with other roommates or by ourselves. Coming from a Mexican household my parents did not want me to be independent until I had a stable job and ideally raising a family. I experienced many similarities between the Philippines culture and Mexican culture because normally in the Philippines the parents tend to take care of their children until they get a stable job and are raising a family. My conclusion will focus on my experience in comparing the cultural norms between the United States, Mexico, and Philippines by showcasing my experience being born in the United States while coming from a Mexican household and my experience as a 23 year old student who traveled to the Philippines.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Building Houston: The Rise in Specific Immigrant Communities to Houston
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
Houston, Texas has seen a dramatic increase in the number of immigrants due to the city's favorable, cost of living and economic prospects. Over the last 50 years, Houston has experienced significant growth and changes in its immigrant communities, with the rise of specific groups contributing to the city's evolving cultural landscape. There are only around 8,000 German Immigrants in Houston but their culture impacts my experience in my hometown because, of the German festival, an event that brings Tomball together each year. From the 1970s to the 1980s, the most common immigrant groups were Mexico and Latin America, specifically Honduras and El Salvador. In the 1990s Houston sees a shift in immigrant communities from Asia particularly from Vietnam, India, China, and the Philippines. In the 2010s immigration started to diversify completely with new waves of immigrants from Africa, notably Nigeria and Ethiopia. The Middle East, specifically Iraq, and Syria In addition to the already immigrating communities to Houston. Given Houston's diverse population and my interest in how these immigrant communities contribute to Houston's cultural diversity, I will explore the representation of these cultures by looking at the Festivals Hosted by Houston. Festivals offer the ability to immerse yourself in different cultures leading to better understanding. Specifically looking at my experience attending the Tomball German Heritage Festival. Growing up in Houston, I've experienced firsthand the representation of cultural diversity, and being exposed to so many different cultures, ethnicities, and traditions from an early age has fostered awareness and appreciation within me. In addition, making me more open-minded helps me break down biases or stereotypes about certain cultures, and encourages me to remain empathetic and understanding of the diverse population I live in. Moreover, being surrounded by rich diversity has sparked my curiosity about global learning.
Campus: LSC-North Harris
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: From Island to Island: A USVI Student's Exploration of Federal Government and Culture in Japan
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
In this research poster, I will explore my personal intercultural experiences and reflections as a student from the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) during my two-week study abroad trip to Japan. My focus will be on the insights I gained about Japan's federal government system and its cultural intricacies, which I will compare to my experiences growing up in the Caribbean and studying in the United States. Through this comparison, I hope to show how interacting with a different culture has deepened my understanding of governance, societal values, and cultural adaptation.
Campus: LSC-North Harris
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: Traditional Japanese Art vs. Yayoi Kusama A Comparative Case Study
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
This paper serves as a means to analyze Japanese painting styles of the Edo period (1615-1868) and analyze the body of work of Yayoi Kusama, a Japanese-born artist to see in what ways, if any, traditional Japanese art influenced the work of Kusama. The Edo period features a wide range of styles with a common theme of preserving traditional Japanese ideologies and techniques. The early works of Yayoi Kusama were influenced by the Japanese school of Nihonga; however, she continued to develop her style, rejected traditional Japanese art principles, and instead focused on the ideas of "infinity" and "self-obliteration." Analyzing these two topics, a comprehensive comparison was conducted to see the impact, or lack thereof, of traditional Japanese art styles and principles on the art of Yayoi Kusama, a woman of a highly traditional nation. Based on this comparison, findings indicate the work of Yayoi Kusama was seen to be far removed from traditional Japanese art, which suggests that artistic influences can be separate from an artist's cultural background or upbringing. Understanding artistic influences can allow audiences to relate to art and have a better perspective of what art can represent. Keywords: Edo Period; Yayoi Kusama; Japanese Art; Modern Art; Self-Obliteration.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: Notre Histoire: Cultural Preservation Through Music in Guadeloupe
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
This past summer, I participated in the French Bootcamp in their "Beyond the Postcard: Nature, Culture, and Sustainability in the French Caribbean" program in Guadeloupe. During my time studying with students from across the U.S. at the Université des Antilles, I got the opportunity to experience Guadeloupean culture from so many different vantage points. I was particularly intrigued by the cultural significance of Guadeloupean musical tradition, being a musician myself. Music is a clear example of the Creole nature of Guadeloupean culture. Music was born of necessity as a form of communication between slaves from different African tribes who had no other way of understanding each other. Music, as such, was also a form of resistance. After speaking with some Guadeloupean students, I found that popular Guadeloupean music has also been bringing the Guadeloupean Creole language back into the mainstream after years of oppression. For example, one of our assignments during the program was to learn the French-Creole lyrics to a popular Guadeloupean song called "Ban Di'w" by Stevy Mahy and perform it as a group for the mayor of Saint-Claude, Mme. Lucie Weck-Mirre, at the end of our stay. In general, I would say that investigating music as a component of Guadeloupean culture revealed the interconnectivity of popular culture and historical context. In Guadeloupe, digging into musical history revealed the African and European influences on the island's population. Going forward, this angle provides me with a new perspective in the study of human cultures, which coincides with my major in Anthropology. Additionally, this model of investigation was the inspiration for my current research into the ritual of quinceañeras as a lens through which to examine the rich cultural heritage of Puerto Rican and Tejano peoples.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson
Title: Three Flags, One Journey: A Migrant's Path to Self- Discovery
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This poster will delve into my personal journey as a Latina navigating life across Venezuela, Colombia, and now the United States. By engaging in deep reflection on the cultural shifts and challenges I faced, I aim to examine how migration across these distinct cultural landscapes has influenced my identity, sense of belonging, and academic aspirations. The narrative will not only address the intercultural difficulties-such as language barriers and adapting to new educational systems-but also the emotional complexities of nostalgia, mental health struggles like depression, and how these experiences have unconsciously fostered resilience. I hope to inspire the audience to engage in their own introspective journeys of self-discovery and understanding.
From the perspective of migration and intercultural studies, this research will explore how these experiences have shaped my worldview and intellectual and emotional growth. I will focus on the unique hurdles I faced-such as language barriers, cultural dissonance, and navigating different educational systems-while also considering how these transitions contributed to my strength as an individual and a scholar in STEM. The poster will reflect on how nostalgia and longing for home evolved into a source of internal strength and motivation, influencing my academic and personal journey. I aim to explore the nuanced differences in societal structures, education systems, and cultural values between these countries while reflecting on the shared experiences of resilience and adaptability that unite the immigrant community. Through this exploration, I aim to foster a sense of connection and understanding among the audience by shedding light on the immigrant experience from a young Latina's perspective, emphasizing how migration forces a continuous cultural negotiation and self-discovery process.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: Power, Politics, and Pills: How Performance Enhancement Drugs influenced Cold War Politics and the Olympic Games
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
This paper assesses doping in the Olympics from the 1950s to 1980s with an aim to understand the correlation between Cold War politics and performance-enhancement drugs (PEDs). This study builds on Joseph Nye's concept of soft power and explains how scientific advancement influenced it. The United States, the Soviet Union, and East Germany repeatedly used the Olympic Games to gain soft power, shifting power dynamics away from military force toward technology, education, and communication. Coupled with Mark Backer's and Erin Redihan's intensive works that address the Cold War and its relationship to the Olympics, these studies elucidate how the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) role as the Olympics' governing body during the Cold War influenced PED usage that inevitably caused the spread of PEDs to all levels of sporting. State-led doping programs created by the Soviet Union and East Germany display direct involvement in athletic doping endeavors. Although the U.S. did not have state-led doping programs, initiatives by Presidents Kennedy and Eisenhower pushed for a higher national physical standard, which can be associated with increased PED usage. The IOC's decision to allow Taiwan and East Germany to compete intermittently despite their history of PED usage prevented the reunification of people by permitting them to promote nationalism through the games. To address the modern doping crisis through the revision of current anti-doping procedures, a comprehensive understanding of the history of doping in sports is necessary. Further research can evaluate culturally held stigmas that may influence an athlete's decision to utilize PEDs.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: The Evolution of Mandarin: Tradition, Technology, and the Bilingual Experience
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
With a population of 1.4 billion, China has gained prominence globally through demand and trade. This increase in prominence has, in turn, incentivized many to learn the language. To highlight Mandarin as a fundamental part of the Chinese language, my cultural reflection will briefly delve into the progression of Mandarin written form, Chinese characters, and insight into how the language is taught and learned, particularly in my own experience learning Mandarin.
China is home to a variety of dialects, each with its history and significance. However, since the 1930s, Mandarin has been the official language, essential for communication across diverse regions. I will address its role in maintaining linguistic uniformity across the country.
Furthermore, I will reflect on my time studying abroad in China for six months, sharing my experiences learning Mandarin and how being a bilingual learner shaped my learning journey. I will highlight why learning the language was important for me, both in terms of personal growth and intercultural understanding.
To provide a semantic background on Chinese, I will briefly examine the history of Chinese writing, looking at the development of character formations and how these changes reflect the broader cultural shifts in China over time.
The presentation will culminate in a discussion on the implications of technology on Chinese writing and language. The rise of Pinyin-based keyboards has resulted in younger generations relying more on technology to write Chinese, often struggling to write characters by hand. This raises questions about the future of Chinese writing and the preservation of cultural heritage.
Ultimately, this presentation emphasizes the cultural and linguistic importance of preserving Mandarin and its characters in an increasingly digital world. Through my personal experience as a bilingual learner, I aim to highlight the value of language in understanding culture and the challenges of maintaining linguistic traditions in a modern, globalized society.
Campus: Lone Star College
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: Cultural Views on Meat Consumption in Taiwan vs. U.S. Food Safety
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
For my intercultural reflection poster, I will look at meat consumption in Taiwan and why it matters culturally and historically. The poster will show the different types of meat people eat, like pork, chicken, and seafood, while also talking about the controversial issue of dog meat and the beliefs behind it. (Like in the U.S people consume a lot of meat but have certain animal meats they choose not to eat. For example, I eat beef, chicken, fish and turkey but not pork. They consider dogs and cats as pets, some even more than pet but as part of their family. Even though the U.S has a lot of meat consumption and stary animals than can be accessible they choose not to consume them. But in Tiwan different kinds of groups can think differently and the total opposite from the U.S. So my poster will include how different ethnic groups in Taiwan view meat and the recent bans on eating certain animals like dogs and cats. I'll also compare Taiwan's changing rules about animal welfare and food safety with those in the U.S., highlighting the growing awareness around the dog meat trade. This will help explain how food choices connect to cultural beliefs and history.
Campus: LSC-CyFair
Director/Mentor: Dr. Kieth Altavilla
Title: The Fall of Honor: Tracing the Samurai's Enduring Contribution from Edo to Meiji Japan
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
With the aim of determining the impact of samurai on Japanese modernization, a critical literature review was conducted through the examination of historical accounts, such as autobiographies, journals, and historical reviews, of the samurai throughout the Edo and Meiji periods. In 1853, Japan, previously a locked country with limited foreign presence, was compelled to unlock its borders under the threat of American attack, increasing American and European influence on Japan. The research focused on texts such as The Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa which showcased direct information provided by a former samurai, and The Progress of Japan and the Samurai Class, 1868-1882 along with other historical reviews that provided further explanations and gave better understandings of the primary sources. This research discovered that the samurai influenced Japanese modernization by creating a distinct cultural identity through promoting reforms, industrial growth, anti-colonial efforts, and the restoration of the emperor while influencing his governance as they saw fit. Further research could explore how Japan's culture defined its resilience during the expansion of the Japanese empire in the twentieth century.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: Housing Infrastructure in Escalante City: Challenges of Informal Settlements and Urbanization
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
This study investigates the housing infrastructure in Escalante City, Negros, Philippines, with a focus on the challenges presented by informal settlements. Images taken from the area show homes constructed with a mix of materials, often needing more formal planning, indicating a lack of access to essential utilities like clean water, sanitation, and electricity. These informal settlements have arisen due to rapid urbanization, surpassing the development of formal infrastructure.
The research will investigate three main factors: the socio-economic conditions that contribute to the increase in informal housing, the effect of insufficient infrastructure on the residents' quality of life, and the environmental implications, including heightened waste and vulnerability to flooding. Interviews with residents, urban planners, and housing organizations will offer insights into how these communities cope with limited resources.
This research aims to increase awareness of the necessity for sustainable housing solutions that integrate local cultural practices while addressing modern infrastructural demands. By comprehending the underlying causes of informal housing in Escalante City, the study seeks to provide insights for future solutions to enhance housing conditions in rapidly growing urban areas.
Campus: LSC-Montgomery
Director/Mentor: Prof. Michael Maningas
Title: Women and Saffron at Akrotiri: Re-examining the Floral Iconography in the Frescoes of Xeste 3
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
This research analyzes the Mistress of Animals and the Adorants frescoes at the site of Akrotiri to illustrate how the saffron symbolism within them reflects the medicinal, religious, and economic functions of the flora in the life of ancient Aegean women. In Xeste 3, the first and second floors contain many women and young girls interacting with saffron surrounding themes of fertility and maturity. Yet, saffron represents an identity for women extending beyond fertility and maturity. These frescos will be analyzed for crocus iconography occurring in the clothing and the surrounding composition alongside the medicinal functions, religious context, and economic significance of saffron in trade across the Cyclades islands. Crocuses were shown to be used by women and young girls to align in a unified identity. This allows scholars to explore the nature of these women and young girls' relationship with saffron in a new light.
Campus: LSC-Montgomery
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Unbuilt Promises: The Lack of Infrastructure Funding in Border Colonias and its Socioeconomic Barriers on Hispanic Residents
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This study examines the efficacy of legislative action and Texas and federal funding on the infrastructure development of poverty-stricken border colonias in El Paso and Hidalgo County. Although the infrastructure of border colonias is attributed to increased Hispanic immigration to the U.S. border, policy scholars suggest the majority of those Hispanic residents are American citizens. Little has been done to analyze ethnic implications surrounding the lack of funding records and governmental supervision on the socioeconomic status of colonias throughout Southeast Texas. To understand the economical efficacy of governmental action on colonia infrastructure, Texas and federal legislation from the late 1990s are evaluated to identify their long-term impacts on current border home-building, roads, and water systems. Two case studies reflecting border colonia life in El Paso and Hidalgo are also compared to determine correlations between infrastructure and findings of employment, education, and access to healthcare in minority communities. Ultimately, ethnic stereotypes surrounding border colonia development contribute to minority and immigration fallacies generated by the American government. Outdated legislative approaches have further catalyzed the denial of basic resources to colonia residents secured by most American households, also reflected in other impoverished communities composed primarily of Hispanics. Further research should apply longitudinal studies to investigate trends of economic hardships faced by border colonia residents in an effort to continually assess relevant national and state legislation.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: Una Fusion de Dos Mundos
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
Born and raised in Mallorca during my early years, I moved to the United States for a time before returning to my birthplace. Though I returned to the same island, this time I found myself in a small, secluded village immersed in rigid customs and traditions. Growing up in a bilingual household speaking both English and Spanish, I attended a semi-private school on the island of Mallorca, which opened my eyes to a range of new experiences. Catalan was the primary language spoken, so I had to learn to speak, read, and write in a completely new language while also refining my Castilian Spanish. The school schedule itself was a major shift from what I was used to in the U.S. I attended classes from 9 AM to 12 PM, then returned home for a two-hour break, resuming school from 3 PM to 5 PM. This contrast, especially the midday break for lunch and rest, stood out compared to the typical American routine of eating lunch in a cafeteria and continuing school without a pause. The academic demands were far more rigorous, and learning two additional languages only heightened the challenge. Soccer, or fútbol, in Spain carried a significance that was almost indescribable-perhaps somewhat comparable to the role of American football in the U.S. but with a deeper cultural resonance. Soccer wasn't just a sport; it moved the country in a profound way. From an early age, young athletes in Spain were held to incredibly high standards, a stark contrast to how soccer is approached in the U.S. Like many private universities in Texas rooted in Christian values, the semi-private school I attended was also founded on Christian principles. Each morning, we recited prayers in class, a practice that parallels the Pledge of Allegiance in U.S. schools. The emphasis on tradition, faith, and high expectations-both in academics and athletics-left a lasting impression on me, highlighting the unique cultural differences I experienced during my time in Spain.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Unveiling the Chicano Spirit: How George Rodriguez Shaped Cultural Identity in the Chicano Movement
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
With an aim to reevaluate historiographical discourse on the Chicano Movement, this research investigates how Latino photographers impacted El Movimiento through their own cultural representation. It has been noted that historians investigating Chicanoism typically focus on leaders such as Caesar Chavez or Dolores Huerta but do not fully consider the perspective of the Chicano photographers who documented their personal experiences. The Chicano movement, thus, is told as a reiteration through the lens of these leaders. First, a historiography of photography explores how this medium provided a way for Chicano communities to easily engage with the movement. Then, an investigation of George Rodriguez, a Latino photographer and Chicano activist, will demonstrate that his work is overlooked by historians. As he photographed Hollywood glamor as well as the realism of the Chicano Movement, historian narratives of the cultural movement create a bias. This bias narrows the perspective of Chicano photographers who directly participated and are not taken into consideration in historical discourse. An analysis of interviews of Rodriguez by ARTnews, ABC News, and NPR depicts how he used photography to curate representation and advocacy for this marginalized group. This analysis reveals a common theme of the "unknown," since the photographer's involvement is limited in academia and illustrates that photographers were reluctant to join the movement because of risks in participating. This study will argue that overshadowed Chicano photographers portray relevant historical retellings of the Chicano Movement.
Campus: LSC-University Park
Director/Mentor: Dr. Stephanie Kim
Title: The Vision: A World Without Malaria
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
Malaria is a devastating global health crisis, claiming thousands of lives every year, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. The World Health Organization reports that in 2020, there were 241 million cases of malaria worldwide, resulting in 627,000 deaths. This proposed research investigates the resistance of Alpha Thalassemia against malaria at structural levels by genetically modifying Red Blood Cells (RBCs) to attain the shape of Thalassemia cells. Blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia and alpha thalassemia have been known to produce resistance to malaria. In the case of sickle cell anemia, most research indicates that the shape of RBC aids in this resistance. As for alpha thalassemia, it also differs in its RBC shape, this may likely contribute to its resistance against malaria. This proposed research utilizes gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce specific mutations or alterations in genes responsible for RBC shape and structure to mimic the shape of an alpha thalassemia cell. In an in-vitro setting, malarial parasites are introduced into the genetically modified RBCs, and the number of cells lysed is counted using a hemocytometer. From previous research and our knowledge of shape differences in thalassemia cells, we expect a similarity in the lysis pattern between Sickle Cell Anemia cells and Thalassemia cells. This proposed research seeks to advance our structural understanding of Thalassemia resistance against malaria by genetically modifying RBCs mimicking the shape of Thalassemia cells and creating a ground for further research on the protein structures involved in this resistance. This research could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat malaria, a disease that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations in low-resource settings.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: From Culture Shock to Success: A Modern Guide to Life in Vietnam
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
Cultural Components for Reflection: I will focus on three key cultural shifts I experienced during my five-week return to Ho Chi Minh City in Summer 2023:
- Evolution of linguistic practices (specifically modern Vietnamese urban slang)
- Transformation of social etiquette and interactions
- Changes in public space utilization in Thu Thiem district
Critical Reflections: During my time back home, I observed significant cultural transitions that challenged my pre-existing understanding of my native city. My experience with language barriers, despite Vietnamese being my mother tongue, revealed how quickly urban culture evolves. For instance, I found myself using outdated slang terms that marked me as an "outsider" in some social situations. The most striking observation was how the Thu Thiem area has transformed from a relatively quiet district into a modern urban center, reflecting broader social changes in Vietnamese society.
Supporting Sources:
- Personal journal entries documenting daily observations
- Informal conversations with local residents and fellow returnees
- "Urban Development and Social Change in Ho Chi Minh City" (academic publication)
- Course materials from Vietnamese Contemporary Society (ASIA 305)
- Different data, graphs on official reports about HCMC's development
- Local news archives documenting city development
Significance and Goals: This cultural understanding has profound implications for my future:
- Personal: Enhanced my ability to navigate between traditional and modern Vietnamese cultural
-Contexts: Deepened my understanding of urban sociological changes, supporting my sociology major
- Professional: Developed valuable insights for my intended career in international development, particularly in understanding how rapid urbanization affects cultural dynamics
Conclusions
- Show how my identity has changed through three simple drawings
- Use a tree ring diagram to show city changes over time
- Create a picture mixing old and new parts of HCMC with parts of the country I lived in
Campus: Lone Star College
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van DeWalker
Title: Periods: The Connection Between a Woman's Cycle and her Education
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
Many women around the world struggle to get an education, especially in countries that are traditional and more prone to poverty. One of the biggest hindrances to women's education that is rarely recognized is her period. Even though the menstrual cycle occurs in most women, accommodations are minimal in traditional developing countries. Many women can't afford or don't have access to any pads. Stigma and shame stop women from being open about their cycle's pain. A lack of affordability and access to pain reliever medication means many girls prefer to stay home rather than go to school. This is called period poverty. For example, in India, a study showcased that almost half of adolescent girls didn't know about their periods before getting it. In addition, in regular schools in India, only 23% of girls reported good disposable facilities for hygienic products. On a personal note, I grew up in the UAE when periods were considered a hush subject. I grew up embarrassed and disgusted by it. Most of my classmates kept quiet about their periods and often whispered in an embarrassed tone about its arrival to their friends. This was no surprise when Less than half of the school girls in UAE had adequate knowledge of their periods. In contrast, in America, an average woman is educated about her cycle and has ready access to hygienic products. However, America can learn from South Korea, where women have menstrual leave! It is no surprise then that 90% and 87% of American and South Korean women can finish high school while a little over 20% of women in India finish school. An educated woman is protected against dependency and poverty and acknowledging period poverty globally is a vital combatant against such.
Campus: LSC-Montgomery
Director/Mentor: Mr. Michael Maningas
Title: Navigating the Creole Spirit: Music, Sustainability, and the Historical Landscape of Guadeloupe
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
Relatively underexplored in modern research, the island of Guadeloupe and the broader Caribbean archipelago are rich in cultural diversity and distinctiveness. With a long history of cultural fusion, particularly influenced by the transatlantic slave trade from the 1500s to 1800s, Guadeloupean identity emphasizes resilience, the preservation of cultural heritage, and the pursuit of freedom. This has resulted in a culture that transcends the original influences, creating a unique Creole identity that is more than the sum of its parts. In the summer of 2024, I participated in the "Beyond the Postcard: Nature, Culture, and Sustainability in the French Caribbean" bootcamp, sponsored by the French Embassy and the Université des Antilles-the only French university in the Caribbean. This immersive program provided an invaluable opportunity to engage with various aspects of Guadeloupe's environment, government, and history. Highlights included hiking the Soufrière Volcano, attending workshops on Gwoka music, taking Creole and French language classes, snorkeling along the beaches, meeting the mayor of Saint-Claude, visiting the Bouillante Geothermal Factory, and exploring the Memorial ACTe Museum.
The program, centered on the themes of culture and sustainability in the Caribbean, allowed us to explore the multifaceted nature of Guadeloupe and encouraged us to identify cultural components that had the most profound impact on us. At the end of our time there, we culminated Research to present before the mayor of Saint-Claude, Madame Lucie Weck-Mirre, to demonstrate what we had learned. As part of my poster presentation, I will focus on three specific cultural components: sustainability practices, music, and history. I aim to connect these elements with broader themes of resistance and freedom in Guadeloupean culture. This experience deeply influenced me, particularly as an international business major, as it aligns with my goal of building cultural competency and becoming a better traveler in a world of tourists.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: How Latin America and the U.S. Shape the College Experience
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
I am interested in the transitional process from high school to college in Latin American countries, specifically the northern hemisphere of South America and the United States. My poster will explain in detail how preparation in high school takes place up to the year before students entered college, detailing requirements and options. I also will discuss college life and culture: what students experience in college studying, how long certain degrees take, and how these may differ between countries. I'll talk about various problems graduating students face once they enter the job market and how college education could affect their employability. Two sources of information that I can use are Results for Development (R4D) and data from the Community College Center of the University of Columbia, both organizations are focused on providing and studying education around the world.
I will be focusing on Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, the Dominican Republic, and Aruba because either I have lived or traveled to these countries. Such a comparison brought forth with the educational landscape of the United States will provide an overview in depth regarding how cultural, economic, and social factors differ in moving students from high school into college. Such a comparison will show students' challenges and opportunities in different regions. In all, my poster is going to put into perspective the unique characteristics of this very critical transition in the educational journey of young people in Latin America.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Chloredecone Contamination in Guadeloupe vs. Hopewell Virginia
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This past summer, I traveled to St. Claude, Guadeloupe-a French region in the Caribbean-through a program organized by the Honors and International Education office in collaboration with the French Embassy. During my stay, I learned from local residents and students about the controversial issue of water contamination caused by the pesticide chlordecone, which sparked my interest in the topic. In my poster, I will compare the use of chlordecone in Hopewell, Virginia, and Guadeloupe. First, I will explain what chlordecone is and its intended purpose, as defined by the CDC. Next, I will present statistics on the racial demographics of each area during the period of chlordecone usage, using U.S. Census data. I will then compare the incidents of chlordecone use in both locations, along with how each issue was addressed. Finally, I will discuss how systemic racism allowed chlordecone use to persist in Guadeloupe, while it was banned much more quickly in Hopewell. These findings will help us identify similar cases in the United States where systemic racism has prolonged harm to minority communities and the environment, enabling us to address these issues more proactively in the future.
Campus: LSC-North Harris
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: Canine Welfare Across the Globe: United States vs. Germany
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
In September of 2024, I attended the International Association of Canine Professionals Biennial Conference. The conference was filled with speakers discussing topics from toys to conservation! The IACP has stood committed to their stance of not prohibiting different training methods. With this stance, and the fact that they have members around the world, they must ensure their education and certifications don't defy many countries laws. As an international organization, they don't want to create tension. This experience at the conference led me to my poster topic.
Some countries have banned training tools while others have banned medical practices; such as spaying and neutering. These laws directly effect how owners care for and view their pets. My poster will highlight different countries approaches to animal care and welfare.
I find that the open minded stance of the IACP fosters growth in the training industry and empowers trainers to help dogs of all different backgrounds and needs. By supporting trainers of various different methods, cultural views are taken into account as well. This allows families of diverse backgrounds to discover training methods that fit their lifestyle needs.
Campus: LSC-Montgomery
Director/Mentor: Prof. Michael Maningas
Title: Assessing the Implementation of Pyrolysis Technology in the European Union
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
Pyrolysis is a new process that transforms organic wastes, plastics, and rubbers into three products that can be re-utilized. The process works by heating the inputs in a chamber devoid of oxygen, which decomposes the materials into three main outputs Biochar, Bio-oil, and Syngas. Biochar can amend soils, act as a fertilizer, and be a carbon sink. Bio-oil can be refined into chemical precursors and petroleum fuel. Syngas is a hydrogen-rich gas that can be used as a natural gas substitute and for power generation.
Pyrolysis can be a great tool in the fight against plastic pollution, climate warming, and increasing energy demands. Yet, there seems to be a lack of implementation and documentation of pyrolysis plants worldwide, especially in Europe, where the fight for sustainability and a healthy environment is the strongest. Through my research, I intend to answer the following questions: How has the European Union implemented pyrolysis? And has it been successful?
I plan to utilize rhetorical sources including speeches, news articles, government publications and mandates, and interviews to gauge the overall effectiveness of the pyrolysis process. Publications made by the industry will be used to gauge the monetary and scaling viability of the process. Publications produced by the media will be used to gauge the public's reaction to the pyrolysis process. Lastly, governmental mandates will be used to gauge the government's support for the process.
Campus: LSC-North Harris
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: The Social and Political Impact of "BL" and "Y": Through the Lens of My Study Abroad Trip to Japan
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 2: 10:10a-10:55a
On social media sites, I've noticed several moments of cultural blindness from Westerners, regarding their knowledge of Japan's views on LGBTQ+ people. This in turn showed me a bias that Western cultures have in how they perceive queer individuals and media, that they self-proclaim to be the best at, not knowing of the limitations within their own culture. Queer media in the U.S. has garnered largely different sentiments than "BL" and "Y" has in Japan and Thailand, and my study abroad trip to Japan only further showed me this. The aim of my intercultural reflection poster is to highlight how the U.S. still faces limitations, that Japan and Thailand don't face, due to the impact of each country's portrayal of same-sex romance in their media, such as films, series, and literature. "BL" stands for Boys Love, an independent genre of queer media centered around love between two males. In Thailand, the genre is called "Y," the name in Thailand originates from the word "Yaoi," the Japanese term to describe "BL" in the 90's. My sources will include various BL and Y media content from both Japan and Thailand, as well as expert studies and opinions. I will use responsive media to document social responses to BL and Y and the political responses in both countries. The significance in my conclusion is that not only will it highlight a Western ethnocentric mindset that often goes unnoticed, but it can also showcase that governments aren't always fully representative of their people, and that society can be ahead and actually push for political movements. Additionally, preparing me as an International Studies major, by examining the ethnocentrism of the Western culture I grew up in, not just the conservative social sphere of the South, but the mainstream rhetoric from East to West Coast.
Campus: LSC-Kingwood
Director/Mentor: Dr. Mari Nicholson-Preuss
Title: The Pedestrian Experience In Houston and Lisbon
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
During my time in Portugal, I was able to experience and travel through the cities of Lisbon, Sintra, and Cascais. A major cultural component that I identified was the walkability and ease of access for public space in Portugal. The infrastructure and design centered around the pedestrian and walking experience rather than the driver. I was able to contrast the experience of traveling through and around Portugal with the experience of traveling throughout Houston. I found that the pedestrian experience in Portugal was more enjoyable and safer than the pedestrian experience in Houston. There are traffic fatality reports done by the City of Houston, which found that pedestrian deaths in Houston continue to climb due to the vehicle focused city planning and lack of pedestrian-oriented infrastructure. These conclusions contribute to the overarching issue of pedestrian safety. To reduce the loss of life and risk of serious injury, Houston can change it's city planning and infrastructure in order to promote safety and allow pedestrians the ability to travel throughout the city safely. Culturally, in Portugal there is not an over-emphasis on vehicles, walking and public transportation are utilized and hailed as the most cost-effective and safer modes of transportation. It is important to give the issue of pedestrian safety a platform, to make our city safer and more walkable. The cultural understanding demonstrated in the poster may help me reach my personal goals, as a native houstonian I believe it is incumbent upon me to make efforts to improve the city and environment for others.
Campus: LSC-Tomball
Director/Mentor: Prof. Ava Veselis
Title: Discovering Who I Can Be: A Delegate's Journey in the 2024 National Model UN Conference
Type: Intercultural Critical Reflection
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This autoethnography explores my personal growth, gender dynamics, and intercultural communication experiences during the 2024 National Model United Nations (NMUN) conference. As a delegate for the NGO, Survival International, in the Commission on the Status of Women, I examine how such simulations shape young leaders and global citizens. This autoethnography uses my observation, personal reflections, and position paper analysis, drawing on theories of gender dynamics, intercultural communication, and leadership. My findings reveal the effectiveness of nurturing and using leadership approaches in multicultural settings, and the importance of cultural humility and active listening in fostering collaboration. My experience demonstrates a significant boost in confidence and public speaking skills, leading to receiving best in committee and best delegation. This research shows the transformative potential that Model UN conferences have in developing crucial skills for future leaders and suggests that integrating such experiential learning opportunities into educational programs could enhance students' global competence and leadership abilities.
Campus: Lone Star College
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: Examining the Influence of Recruitment Tactics on Desertion Rates During the Vietnam War
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This research project will explore the differences in recruitment tactics, along with motivations for desertion, among U.S. and Viet Cong soldiers during the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong recruitment tactics would involve targeting the demographics of young men using propaganda or promise of free food or supplies and exploiting the culture of duty and community embedded into Vietnamese culture. On the United States side of the war, they imposed a lottery system with the intent of streamlining the recruitment process and ensuring fairness. However, evidence indicates that this military draft led to significant opposition to the war and a culture of reluctance around military service. Previous research suggests that factors such as race and education affect the likelihood of being drafted. For example, Black high school graduates were more likely to be drafted than their White counterparts. Lack of progress or success in the war led men from both sides to desert their duties, though often for varying reasons. Findings from this study will provide additional insight into the effects of the two countries' recruiting tactics during wartime and the potential effect of those tactics on desertion trends. Discussions around reinstating the draft are still common in American political rhetoric. As such, an understanding of the relationship between recruitment tactics and desertion during wartime is needed.
Campus: LSC-CyFair
Director/Mentor: Mrs. Laura Taggett
Title: United States, Turkey, and Vietnam: Humans' Standards of Living and the Welfare of Domesticated Cats
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
To investigate the welfare of domesticated cats across different social and economic backgrounds, this study analyzes the legal frameworks surrounding cat welfare in the United States, Turkey, and Vietnam from 1966 to 2018. These countries differ in living standards, with the United States having the highest, Turkey having the second highest, and Vietnam having the lowest. They also have contrasting cultural attitudes toward cats, from the United States' high pet ownership, Turkey's emphasis on compassion toward cats influenced by Islamic teachings, to Vietnam's ongoing cat meat trade. This research utilized primary legislation documents protecting the welfare of domesticated cats, such as the United States' 1966 Animal Welfare Act, Turkey's 2004 Animal Protection Law, and Vietnam's 2018 Law on Animal Husbandry, to analyze the rhetorical elements of these laws and their impact on the welfare of domesticated cats. The research concluded that, while the United States has the highest standard of living, its federal legislation lacks comprehensive pet care standards. In contrast, Turkey, ranking second in living standards, has more thorough domesticated cats' protections, whereas Vietnam, with the lowest living standard among the three, places the least emphasis on companion animal care. Further research can focus on developing more effective and culturally sensitive animal welfare policies to improve the quality of life for domesticated cats globally.
Campus: LSC-North Harris
Director/Mentor: Dr. Dana Van De Walker
Title: Violation of the 8th Amendment and US Black Sites Abroad: A Zero Dark Thirty Case Study
Type: Undergraduate Research
Session 1: 9:15a-10:00a
This paper analyzes the responsibility of the US Government for upholding the 8th Amendment while interrogating 9/11 suspects in overseas black sites such as Guantanamo Bay and using Zero Dark Thirty as a depiction of their interrogation techniques. It overlooks the criticism the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) has faced, and what changes occurred over the past 2 decades. Previous research has shown the approved interrogation techniques used were inhumane and the CIA went beyond those techniques to torture the detainees. Though, interviews with former CIA agents conclude the interrogations were monitored, and no torture administered exceeded the limits. It is imperative to question such matters to ensure the US Government does not abuse its power. It is crucial the Government is held responsible, to prevent history from repeating itself. This study utilized a case study approach, with categories such as the violation of the 8th amendment, enhanced interrogation techniques and the criticism and its changes. My findings suggested that the Government had tried their best to find loopholes to justify their torture and to not face the judicial system. Firstly, the Government had decided Guantanamo Bay would be the most fitting for a detention camp to hold the detainees, because US or international law would not apply, however what they failed to acknowledge was, if any area of land or possession is considered "US land", the US laws apply. Secondly, the Geneva Convention provided rights to "prisoners of war," and the CIA gave the detainees the title "unlawful combatants" to strip them of their rights. Understanding ethics is important because the Government, even in times of War, cannot violate the 8th amendment or strip prisoners of their rights. This is a matter of power and the constitution, and spotting will help ensure justice prevails, and no corrupted Government.