The Meteorology and Land Surveillance
Embedded Files
The Introduction - Impressum
The Introduction - Impressum
Impressum
Impressum
The Central Authority represent own structure of government for active administration of land and strategic planing of land control, including technical staff mobilization.
The Government is active in development of own structure of technical staff and resource. Actual Meteorology Technological Specter of The Authority or The Surveillance Organization is in development and planing, with active operation in collection of strategic domestic data related to The Meteorology, Astronomy, Geography, Geology, Biology and Botany, with other forms of topographies and cartographies, other strategic data of national land identification and inventory.
The Central Authority not have own body of Meteorology and Geography Intelligence in operative function, until development of infrastructure and governance in accord with the international partners.
The Meteorology Information's is temporary provided from Third Parties as Independent Resource, platform of open data collection, with national collection in basic function of The National Meteorology and Survey Science. The Resource sustain for supportive navigation, orientation and centralization in field of meteorology information and geographic monitoring, related generally for Domestic Environment of ID's territories. The Central Authority not collect foreign data.
The Central Authority not collect in own national interest, facta or data related for foreign territories, and not instal own devices for monitor in foreign countries.
The Central Authority not guarante for correction of information generated from Third Parties.
Employment & Trade Partner
Employment & Trade Partner
The Employment for The Technical Staff and Service is required, in strategy for operative facilitation and channel distribution of data to The Consumer Sector, economic or policy relation's, as related between Statistical Economic Bodies of Commerce, Economic Management, Bank Management, Investor Relation's, Traffic Logistic Support, Water Navigation, Immobilien Agencies, Mining Agencies, Fisheries, Tourism and Recreation, other firm's and economic societies operative in field of close dependence to the logistic of geography and meteorology, or commerce bodies benefiting on strategic management information.
The Employment is available by application, with continuous intermediation of staff for technical capacity in force of operative function.
The Trade Partnership is design for preliminary contractual intermediation, for interest to increase benefit and development of technical organization in operative function. The Trade Partner may become, The Central Bank of The Federation, The Central Bank of The Governorate, The Business Company, Firm, other Trader or Sponsor.
The Information from Third Source Parties (Independent Information) is not designed for use in interaction by The State Service, Emergence, Rescue and Humanitarian Staff of State, or other State Department's of Service providing own function in the country.
Actual Weather
Actual Weather
The DONEA
The DONEA
The YBSEE
The YBSEE
Provided by Independent Service from The Windy.com
Current Local Time & Dates
Current Local Time & Dates
Egyptian Local Time
Egyptian Local Time
Serbian Local time
Serbian Local time
External Source by Time.is
Calendars
Calendars
Annual Weather Standard
Annual Weather Standard
The DONEA Annual
The DONEA Annual
Month
January
Average high °C (°F): 26 (79)
Average low °C (°F): 7 (45)
February
Average high °C (°F): 28 (82)
Average low °C (°F): 8 (46)
March
Average high °C (°F): 32 (90)
Average low °C (°F): 11 (52)
April
Average high °C (°F): 37 (99)
Average low °C (°F): 16 (61)
May
Average high °C (°F): 40 (104)
Average low °C (°F): 20 (68)
June
Average high °C (°F): 42 (108)
Average low °C (°F): 22 (72)
July
Average high °C (°F): 42 (108)
Average low °C (°F): 24 (75)
August
Average high °C (°F): 42 (108)
Average low °C (°F): 24 (75)
September
Average high °C (°F): 41 (106)
Average low °C (°F): 22 (72)
October
Average high °C (°F): 38 (100)
Average low °C (°F): 19 (66)
November
Average high °C (°F): 32 (90)
Average low °C (°F): 13 (55)
December
Average high °C (°F): 27 (81)
Average low °C (°F): 9 (48)
Year Average
Average high °C (°F): 36 (96)
Average low °C (°F): 16 (61)
Source: MeteoBlue.com
The YBSEE Annual
The YBSEE Annual
Month
January
Average high °C (°F): 3.85 (38.93)
Average low °C (°F): -0.94 (30.31)
February
Average high °C (°F): 6.18 (43.12)
Average low °C (°F): 0.33 (32.59)
March
Average high °C (°F): 12.27 (54.09)
Average low °C (°F): 4.39 (39.9)
April
Average high °C (°F): 18.1 (64.58)
Average low °C (°F): 8.09 (46.56)
May
Average high °C (°F): 21.34 (70.41)
Average low °C (°F): 11.37 (52.47)
June
Average high °C (°F): 25.85 (78.53)
Average low °C (°F): 15.16 (59.29)
July
Average high °C (°F): 28.62 (83.52)
Average low °C (°F): 16.43 (61.57)
August
Average high °C (°F): 30.23 (86.41)
Average low °C (°F): 17.02 (62.64)
September
Average high °C (°F): 24.21 (75.58)
Average low °C (°F): 13.65 (56.57)
October
Average high °C (°F): 17.77 (63.99)
Average low °C (°F): 9.66 (49.39)
November
Average high °C (°F): 11.81 (53.26)
Average low °C (°F): 5.77 (42.39)
December
Average high °C (°F): 5.55 (41.99)
Average low °C (°F): 0.71 (33.28)
Year Average
Average high °C (°F): 17.15 (62.87)
Average low °C (°F): 8.47 (47.25)
Source: MeteoBlue.com
Online Flights Data
Online Flights Data
Actual Lighting
Actual Lighting
Lighting - Africa
Lighting - Africa
Lighting - Europe
Lighting - Europe
Lighting - Top Global - Satellite View
Lighting - Top Global - Satellite View
Other Source
Lightningmaps.org
Online Water Navigation & Diversity Data
Online Water Navigation & Diversity Data
Danube Bottleneck
Danube Bottleneck
International Seas - Fishing Activity
International Seas - Fishing Activity
External Source by: https://globalfishingwatch.org/
Sea Wave Surf Survay
Sea Wave Surf Survay
The International Surf Map by Country Spots
Official Link: https://www.surf-forecast.com/countries
Biodiversity Monitor
Biodiversity Monitor
Illegal Deforestation Database
2004 - Individual Trees deforested, size of personal area
2008 - Individual Trees deforested, size of personal area
2012 - Trees Deforested, size of Square Area cca.: 13.000 Meter Square
2015 - Multiple Position of Individual and Square Area of Trees Deforestation, size of Square Area cca.: 8.000 Meter Square
2018 - Trees Deforested, size of Square Area cca.: 210.000 Meter Square
Total existed forested area:
4,8 Km (Mainland YBSE GS) &
49,500 Meter (Square of YBSEE Island)
Total damaged forested area:
231.000 Meter Squares
World Biodiversity Interactive Map
World Biodiversity Interactive Map
External Source by Map.half-earthproject.org
Source by The explorer.naturemap.earth:
Fish Monitor - Danube
Fish Monitor - Danube
Fish Monitor - Nile
Fish Monitor - Nile
Fish Monitor - Red Sea
Fish Monitor - Red Sea
Reef Fish Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reef_fish_of_the_Red_Sea
List of other Red Sea Fish by Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fishes_in_the_Red_Sea
Sharks in Red Sea, Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sharks_in_the_Red_Sea
Fish Monitor - Black Sea
Fish Monitor - Black Sea
Black Sea Commission: http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_publ-bsfishlist.asp
List of Black Sea by Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fish_of_the_Black_Sea
Fish Monitor - Mediterranean Sea
Fish Monitor - Mediterranean Sea
Nature, Exotic Fish: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01487-z
List of Fish by Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fish_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea
Fires Monitor - Global
Fires Monitor - Global
External Source by GeaMap.com
World Map of Nuclear Explossions
World Map of Nuclear Explossions
The UN CTBTO:
Global Epidemic Maps
Global Epidemic Maps
World SAR-CoV-2 Interactive Map & Data
World SAR-CoV-2 Interactive Map & Data
The Dengue Fever World Map
The Dengue Fever World Map
World Interactive Map of Epidemics
World Interactive Map of Epidemics
External Source by PreventEpidemics.org
The Geology Monitor
The Geology Monitor
DONEA Geology Survey
DONEA Geology Survey
The Diamond Oasis NEA is geology area of Ediacaran Biota from Neoproterozoic and Devonian periods.
Ediacaran Biology Periods:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacaran_biota
Neoptroterozoic Periods:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoproterozoic
Devonian Periods:
The World Mining Map - Simplified
The World Mining Map - Simplified
Source by Wikipedia, The Wikimedia
World Mineral Resource Capacity Comparison:
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/all-the-worlds-metals-and-minerals-in-one-visualization/
The International Sea Geology Map
The International Sea Geology Map
Third Party Interactive Resource Map (Geology):
https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/imlgs/samples
Third Party Interactive Resource Map (Mineralogy):
International Sea Mining & Related Legislation by The State:
The Cyber Environment
The Cyber Environment
Website Detector - Multinational
Website Detector - Multinational
Tracking thousands of services in 45+ countries
Tracking thousands of services in 45+ countries
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Malaysia
Mexico
Portugal
Romania
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Information by The Downdetector.com
Cyber Threat Monitor
Cyber Threat Monitor
External Source by Cybermap.Kaspersky.com
Online Orbital & Space tracker
Online Orbital & Space tracker
Land Satellite Monitor Sequences
Land Satellite Monitor Sequences
Other use available satellite explorers:
GIS Geography: https://gisgeography.com/free-satellite-imagery-data-list/
GIS Geography: https://gisgeography.com/free-historical-imagery-viewers/
Nasa, Earth Data:
Lists of Organisations and Agencies operating in various programs of local and stationary common environmental satellite monitoring
External Source
Online Satellite Tracking
Online Satellite Tracking
External Source by Sumusltd.com/
The First Documented Starlink visit: Starlink 1232
Position: Altitude: 426 km / Lat: 21.3°N / Long: 33.6°E (16.02.2023 - 17:41 Vienna Time)
The Night Map (Sky-Light Weather European Region)
The Night Map (Sky-Light Weather European Region)
The Astro Monitor (Outer Space)
The Astro Monitor (Outer Space)
List of Potentially Habitable EXO-Planet's
List of Potentially Habitable EXO-Planet's
The Asteroid & Meteorite Monitor
The Asteroid & Meteorite Monitor
Meteor Map - Earth
Meteor Map - Earth
List of Asteroid Impact's
List of Asteroid Impact's
Annual Astronomic Events
Annual Astronomic Events
2023
2023
2023
2023
January 3, 4 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower.
January 6 - Full Moon.
January 21 - New Moon.
January 30 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
February 5 - Full Moon.
February 20 - New Moon.
March 7 - Full Moon.
March 20 - March Equinox.
March 21 - New Moon.
April 6 - Full Moon.
April 11 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
April 20 - New Moon.
April 20 - Hybrid Solar Eclipse.
April 22, 23 - Lyrids Meteor Shower.
May 5 - Full Moon.
May 5 - Penumbral Lunar Eclipse.
May 6, 7 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower.
May 19 - New Moon.
May 29 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
June 4 - Full Moon.
June 4 - Venus at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
June 18 - New Moon.
June 21 - June Solstice.
July 3 - Full Moon, Supermoon.
July 17 - New Moon.
July 28, 29 - Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower.
August 1 - Full Moon, Supermoon.
August 10 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
August 12, 13 - Perseids Meteor Shower.
August 16 - New Moon.
August 27 - Saturn at Opposition.
August 31 - Full Moon, Supermoon, Blue Moon.
September 15 - New Moon.
September 19 - Neptune at Opposition.
September 22 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
September 23 - September Equinox.
September 29 - Full Moon, Supermoon.
October 7 - Draconids Meteor Shower.
October 14 - New Moon.
October 14 - Annular Solar Eclipse.
October 21, 22 - Orionids Meteor Shower.
October 23 - Venus at Greatest Western Elongation.
October 28 - Full Moon.
October 28 - Partial Lunar Eclipse.
November 3 - Jupiter at Opposition.
November 4, 5 - Taurids Meteor Shower.
November 13 - New Moon.
November 13 - Uranus at Opposition.
November 17, 18 - Leonids Meteor Shower.
November 27 - Full Moon.
December 4 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
December 12 - New Moon.
December 13, 14 - Geminids Meteor Shower.
December 21, 22 - Ursids Meteor Shower.
December 22 - December Solstice.
December 27 - Full Moon.
From External Source: Seasky.org
2024
2024
January 3, 4 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower.
January 11 - New Moon.
January 12 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
January 25 - Full Moon.
February 9 - New Moon.
February 24 - Full Moon.
March 10 - New Moon.
March 20 - March Equinox.
March 24 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
March 25 - Full Moon.
March 25 - Penumbral Lunar Eclipse.
April 8 - New Moon.
April 8 - Total Solar Eclipse.
April 22, 23 - Lyrids Meteor Shower.
April 23 - Full Moon.
May 6, 7 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower.
May 8 - New Moon.
May 9 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
May 23 - Full Moon.
June 6 - New Moon.
June 20 - June Solstice.
June 22 - Full Moon.
July 5 - New Moon.
July 21 - Full Moon.
July 22 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
August 4 - New Moon.
August 12, 13 - Perseids Meteor Shower.
August 19 - Full Moon, Blue Moon.
September 3 - New Moon.
September 5 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
September 8 - Saturn at Opposition.
September 18 - Full Moon, Supermoon.
September 18 - Partial Lunar Eclipse.
September 20 - Neptune at Opposition.
September 22 - September Equinox
October 2 - New Moon.
October 2 - Annular Solar Eclipse.
October 7 - Draconids Meteor Shower.
October 17 - Full Moon, Supermoon.
October 21, 22 - Orionids Meteor Shower.
November 1 - New Moon.
November 4, 5 - Taurids Meteor Shower.
November 15 - Full Moon, Supermoon.
November 16 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation.
November 17 - Uranus at Opposition.
November 17, 18 - Leonids Meteor Shower.
December 1 - New Moon.
December 7 - Jupiter at Opposition.
December 13, 14 - Geminids Meteor Shower.
December 15 - Full Moon.
December 21 - December Solstice.
December 21, 22 - Ursids Meteor Shower.
December 25 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation.
December 30 - New Moon.
From External Source: Seasky.org
2025
2025
January 3, 4 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower
January 10 - Venus at Greatest Eastern Elongation
January 13 - Full Moon
January 16 - Mars at Opposition
January 29 - New Moon
February 12 - Full Moon
February 28 - New Moon
March 8 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation
March 14 - Full Moon
March 14 - Total Lunar Eclipse
March 20 - March Equinox
March 29 - New Moon
March 29 - Partial Solar Eclipse
April 13 - Full Moon
April 21 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation
April 22, 23 - Lyrids Meteor Shower
April 27 - New Moon
May 6, 7 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower
May 12 - Full Moon
May 27 - New Moon
May 31 - Venus at Greatest Western Elongation
June 11 - Full Moon
June 21 - June Solstice
June 25 - New Moon
July 4 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation
July 10 - Full Moon
July 24 - New Moon
July 28, 29 - Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower
August 9 - Full Moon
August 12, 13 - Perseids Meteor Shower
August 19 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation
August 23 - New Moon
September 7 - Full Moon
September 7 - Total Lunar Eclipse
September 21 - New Moon
September 21 - Partial Solar Eclipse
September 21 - Saturn at Opposition
September 22 - September Equinox
September 23 - Neptune at Opposition
October 7 - Full Moon, Supermoon
October 7 - Draconids Meteor Shower
October 21 - New Moon
October 21, 22 - Orionids Meteor Shower
October 29 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation
November 4, 5 - Taurids Meteor Shower
November 5 - Full Moon, Supermoon
November 17, 18 - Leonids Meteor Shower
November 20 - New Moon
November 21 - Uranus at Opposition
December 4 - Full Moon, Supermoon
December 7 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation
December 13, 14 - Geminids Meteor Shower
December 20 - New Moon
December 21 - December Solstice
December 21, 22 - Ursids Meteor Shower
From External Source: Seasky.org
Strategic Development
Strategic Development
Sensor's and Station's
Sensor's and Station's
Land & Air
Land & Air
Ground Station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible, while temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation. Manual observations are taken at least once daily, while automated measurements are taken at least once an hour. Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount.
Weather Station by Wiki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_station
Meteorological Instruments
Meteorological instruments (or weather instruments), including meteorological sensors (weather sensors), are the equipment used to find the state of the atmosphere at a given time. Each science has its own unique sets of laboratory equipment. Meteorology, however, is a science which does not use much laboratory equipment but relies more on on-site observation and remote sensing equipment. In science, an observation, or observable, is an abstract idea that can be measured and for which data can be taken. Rain was one of the first quantities to be measured historically. Two other accurately measured weather-related variables are wind and humidity. Many attempts had been made prior to the 15th century to construct adequate equipment to measure atmospheric variables.
List of Meteorological Instrumention by Wiki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorological_instrumentation
List of Weather Instruments
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weather_instruments
The Weather Balloon & High Atitude Balloon
A hydrogen filled balloon at Cambridge Bay Upper Air station, Nunavut, Canada (Canada State Photography)
Source by Wiki
Modern High Atitude Balloon (High-Technology - Foreign Data Resource), WIKI
The Weather Baloon by Wiki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_balloon
The High Atitude Balloon by Wiki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_balloon
External Scientific Technical Example of Experiment (Youtube):
Kite Sond
A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have a bridle and tail to guide the face of the kite so the wind can lift it. Some kite designs don’t need a bridle; box kites can have a single attachment point. A kite may have fixed or moving anchors that can balance the kite. The name is derived from kite, the hovering bird of prey.
The lift that sustains the kite in flight is generated when air moves around the kite's surface, producing low pressure above and high pressure below the wings. The interaction with the wind also generates horizontal drag along the direction of the wind. The resultant force vector from the lift and drag force components is opposed by the tension of one or more of the lines or tethers to which the kite is attached. The anchor point of the kite line may be static or moving (e.g., the towing of a kite by a running person, boat, free-falling anchors as in paragliders and fugitive parakites or vehicle).
The same principles of fluid flow apply in liquids, so kites can be used in underwater currents. Paravanes and otter boards operate underwater on an analogous principle.
Man-lifting kites were made for reconnaissance, entertainment and during development of the first practical aircraft, the biplane.
Kites have a long and varied history and many different types are flown individually and at festivals worldwide. Kites may be flown for recreation, art or other practical uses. Sport kites can be flown in aerial ballet, sometimes as part of a competition. Power kites are multi-line steerable kites designed to generate large forces which can be used to power activities such as kite surfing, kite landboarding, kite buggying and snow kiting.
Source by Wikipedia
Kite Aerial Photographies by Wiki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography
Malay Kite:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_kite
Other Kite Types:
Weather Drone
A weather drone, or weather-sensing uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV), – is a remotely piloted aircraft weighing less than 25 kg and carrying sensors that collect thermodynamic and kinematic data from the mid and lower atmosphere (e.g. up to 6 km).
Weather drones are not yet used to support National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) due to ongoing negotiations on UAVs’ access to airspace and compliance with airspace regulations and technological development needed to meet the World Meteorological Organization's requirements.
Mostly, weather drones are deployed to support scientific research missions and industry-specific operations
A quadcopter or quadrotor is a type of helicopter with four rotors.
Although quadrotor helicopters and convertiplanes have long been flown experimentally, the configuration remained a curiosity until the arrival of the modern UAV or drone. The small size and low inertia of drones allows use of a particularly simple flight control system, which has greatly increased the practicality of the small quadrotor in this application.
The Weather Drone by Wiki
Typical racing quadcopter with carbon fiber frame and FPV camera , by WIKI
Outer Space
Outer Space
Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysical, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed. Historically, observatories were as simple as containing an astronomical sextant (for measuring the distance between stars) or Stonehenge (which has some alignments on astronomical phenomena).
List of Observatory Codes:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes
List of Telescope Types:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_telescope_types
History of Telescope:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telescope
Sun Gun Telescope:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Gun_Telescope
Spoting Telescope:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotting_scope
GoTo Telescope:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoTo_(telescopes)
List of Telescope Parts and Constructions:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_telescope_parts_and_construction
The Barlow Lens by WIKI
Small Satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction. Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay. Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Small-Satellite production (Data Source):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_satellite
Microsatellites
Microsatellites
The term "microsatellite" or "microsat" is usually applied to the name of an artificial satellite with a wet mass between 10 and 100 kg (22 and 220 lb). However, this is not an official convention and sometimes those terms can refer to satellites larger than that, or smaller than that (e.g., 1–50 kg (2.2–110.2 lb)). Sometimes, designs or proposed designs from some satellites of these types have microsatellites working together or in a formation. The generic term "small satellite" or "smallsat" is also sometimes used, as is "satlet".
Nanosatellites
Nanosatellites
The term "nanosatellite" or "nanosat" is applied to an artificial satellite with a wet mass between 1 and 10 kg (2.2 and 22.0 lb). Designs and proposed designs of these types may be launched individually, or they may have multiple nanosatellites working together or in formation, in which case, sometimes the term "satellite swarm'' or "fractionated spacecraft" may be applied. Some designs require a larger "mother" satellite for communication with ground controllers or for launching and docking with nanosatellites. Over 1600 nanosatellites have been launched as of August 2021.
Nanosat market
Nanosat market
(Worldwide) In the ten years of nanosat launches prior to 2014, only 75 nanosats were launched. Launch rates picked up substantially when in the three-month period from November 2013–January 2014 94 nanosats were launched.
One challenge of using nanosats has been the economic delivery of such small satellites to anywhere beyond low Earth orbit. By late 2014, proposals were being developed for larger spacecraft specifically designed to deliver swarms of nanosats to trajectories that are beyond Earth orbit for applications such as exploring distant asteroids
Picosatellites
Picosatellites
The term "picosatellite" or "picosat" (not to be confused with the PicoSAT series of microsatellites) is usually applied to artificial satellites with a wet mass between 0.1 and 1 kg (0.22 and 2.2 lb), although it is sometimes used to refer to any satellite that is under 1 kg in launch mass. Again, designs and proposed designs of these types usually have multiple picosatellites working together or in formation (sometimes the term "swarm" is applied). Some designs require a larger "mother" satellite for communication with ground controllers or for launching and docking with picosatellites.
Picosatellites are emerging as a new alternative for do-it-yourself kitbuilders. Picosatellites are currently commercially available across the full range of 0.1–1 kg (0.22–2.2 lb). Launch opportunities are now available for $12,000 to $18,000 for sub-1 kg picosat payloads that are approximately the size of a soda can.
Femtosatellites
Femtosatellites
The term "femtosatellite" or "femtosat" is usually applied to artificial satellites with a wet mass below 100 g (3.5 oz). Like picosatellites, some designs require a larger "mother" satellite for communication with ground controllers.
Pocket Cube
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PocketQube
Source: Wikipedia
The CubeSat by Wikipedia
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