Brett Uransel, RN, CCRN, TNCC and BSN Student

Improper disposal of medical waste poses a significant risk to human health and the environment. In fact, In a study published In Health Affairs, Eckelman et al. (2020) found the healthcare system is responsible for 4.6% of greenhouse gas emissions and toxic pollutants. Some healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, may not adhere to proper waste segregation, containment, and disposal protocols. This can lead to the release of hazardous substances into the air, water, and soil, potentially contaminating ecosystems and endangering both wildlife and human populations. Furthermore, outdated incineration practices, especially in certain regions, can release toxic pollutants into the air, contributing to air pollution and negative health effects. (Eckelman et al., 2020).

Single-use plastics, including gloves, syringes, IV bags, and other medical supplies, contribute significantly to the overall medical waste generated. Although admittedly, they are strong, cheap, and effective,  using excessive packaging and disposable items in healthcare facilities adds to the environmental burden (See Figure 1, as cited in Peng et al. (2021) below). For instance, in a study published in the Proceedings of the National Sciences of America, it is estimated that 2021 there were 1.56 million discarded masks in the ocean (Peng et al., 2021). These plastic items take a long time to decompose and can pollute landfills, oceans, and other ecosystems. Finding sustainable alternatives, encouraging recycling, and promoting using recyclable or compostable materials in the healthcare sector are essential steps to address this issue.

Sharps waste refers to any items capable of puncturing or cutting the skin, such as needles, syringes, lancets, and scalpels. Improper disposal of sharps waste can result in injuries to healthcare workers, waste management personnel, and the general public. While regulations exist for the safe disposal of sharps waste, compliance is inconsistent, particularly in non-medical settings such as households or long-term care facilities. In fact, in a study published In the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Montoya et al. (2021) found a "recent report estimated that as many as 1484 needle-stick injuries occur every year at material recovery facilities, and these injuries result in $2.25 million in costs for treatment." Ensuring proper disposal methods and access to secure sharps containers is vital to minimizing the risks associated with sharps waste.