Penguins ingest a lot of seawater while hunting for fish, but a special gland behind their eyes—the supraorbital gland—filters out the saltwater from their blood stream. Penguins excrete it through their beaks, or by sneezing. Unlike most birds—which lose and replace a few feathers at a time—penguins molt all at once, spending two or three weeks land-bound as they undergo what is called the catastrophic molt. Penguin parents—both male and female—care for their young for several months until the chicks are strong enough to hunt for food on their own.

Retrieved from: http://mentalfloss.com/article/56416/20-fun-facts-about-penguins-world-penguin-day

Penguins are superbly adapted to aquatic life. Their vestigial wings have become flippers, useless for flight in the air. In the water, however, penguins are astonishingly agile. Penguins' swimming looks very similar to bird's flight in the air. Within the smooth plumage a layer of air is preserved, ensuring buoyancy. The air layer also helps insulate the birds in cold waters. On land, penguins use their tails and wings to maintain balance for their upright stance.

Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin

When, where and why do emperor penguins migrate? Emperor penguins migrate to reach a breeding ground. They migrate during the month of March. The emperor penguins travel 60-100 miles inland to their designated breeding sites. All of the colonies go to the same place and arrive around the same time. They start in the beginning of March and the migration should end by the end of March. They always take a different path because the ice shifts and places new obstacles in their way. When they arrive the females will lay an egg and then pass it on to their husband.

Retrieved from: https://emperorpenguinmigraton.weebly.com/where-when-and-why-do-emperor-penguins-migrate.html