Sanshin is a three stringed musical instrument of Okinawa that is an origin for Shamisen in mainland Japan. A sanshin is formed by three parts, the neck, the body, and strings. The neck is usually made from a single piece of wood, commonly type of ebony, persimmon, rosewood, or ironwood. The body is made from wood and was traditionally covered with snakeskin.
The sanshin, which literally means "three strings", has three strings uujiru (male string), nakajiru (middle string) and miijiru (female string). They vary from thickest to thinnest. The strings of the sanshin are white except those of Amami (one of the islands located between Kagoshima and Okinawa) which are yellow. Strings of the sanshin were traditionally made from silk but these days tetron is more commonly available. When playing the sanshin, traditionally a small piece of plectrum was worn on the index finger but many people use a guitar pick, toothpick and even the nail of the index finger.
Sanshin is the most common Okinawan musical instrument and there is a sanshin at most Okinawan homes. People play the sanshin and sing along with it while birthday parties, weddings, small family gatherings and festivals.
Sheet music for the sanshin is called kunkunshi and written in Kanji characters that is a similar way for other sheet music for Japanese traditional music. The basic scale for Okinawan music is pentatonic scale and it consists of do mi fa so ti (CEFGB) whithin one octave and it may make you feel relaxed when you hear Okinawan music.
Japan designated the sanshin as National Traditional Crafts Products in 2018.
The Ryukyuan dance is divided into four categories: Classical dance (Koten buyo), Mixed dance (zo-odori), Folk dance (Minzoku buyo), and Creative dance (Sosaku buyo).
The classical dances rapidly developed under the royal government at Shuri (1429 - 1879) in Ryukyu Kingdom. The ‘elders' dance,’ ‘young men’s dance’ and ‘women's dance’ were performed mainly for the Chinese envoys, while the ‘young men's dance’ was mainly performed to entertain officials from Satsuma (= Kagoshima). Therefore dance was an important diplomatic instrument for the royal government. The dancers were only men from the elite ranks of society, strictly supervised by a government Minister of Dance and due to this historical fact, Ryukyuan dances became highly refined.
The Ryukyu Kingdom ended when the Meiji government abolished ‘hans’ and created prefectures (1879). The dancers lost their jobs and started small street theaters where they extended the stories to the lives of ordinary people to create innovative dances. This is how the zo-odori dances were born.
Folk dance was passed down from generation to generation at different places all around the islands of Ryukyu and it retains its traditions and sacred rites still now. After the war, a number of choreographers reflected their new generations on creative dance embodying the traditional elements of Ryukyuan dances.
Reference (http://rca.open.ed.jp/city2000/ryubu/explan/explan.html)
The eisaa, a folk performing art, is a dynamic, spirited dance intrinsic to a midsummer festival called Bon, or Festival of the Dead, which takes place for three days from July 13 -15 of the lunar calendar. A dance of Okinawa Island and the surrounding smaller islands, it is basically a circular dance composed of both men and women.
The musical instruments used in the eisaa including the sanshin, large barrel drums, and small hand drums, or paranku, the even smaller ones. Otherwise there are some eisaa which don't involve any musical instrument above but only dances in the north part of Okinawa main island and it is said that this is the original style of eisaa.
The men play the sanshin and beat vigorously on the drums as the women dance to the rhythms. On the night of July 15, after the ancestral spirits have returned to the world of the dead, the dancers of each village gather in the courtyard of the kami ashagi (major site of community worship) and begin the eisaa. After offering the first dance to the village gods, the dancers make the rounds of the homes in the village, perfoming the eisaa dance.
The eisaa originated from a group dance called 'esa omoro', to which Buddhist songs and dances were later added. Its present name, eisaa, for the Bon Dance is derived from the phrase "eisaa eisaa hiyaruga eisaa" which is a refrain in the Buddhist songs. This is how it is believed and has been the strongest explanation.
Though regarded today as entertainment, the eisaa originally had an important religious function of giving repose to the dead. An eisaa performance on street corners and at homes of villagers was comparable to performing a memorial service for village ancestors. Thus, the eisaa always began with songs which invoked the Buddha.
It was only later that popular Okinawan folk songs today came to be included in the eisaa song repertoire. Moreover the Creative eisaa style became popular lately and Okinawan pop songs included accordingly.
Reference (http://okinawa.com/research/performing-arts/eisa
http://www.zentoeisa.com/about-eisa.html)
Lion Dance has roots in Chinese culture. The shishi dog-lions are similar to shisa dog guardians; they are meant to protect or ward from evil, and to bring prosperity. Okinawa lion-dogs have hairy bodies, unlike the mainland, and lacquered heads made from the wood of Deigo trees (Indian Coral Trees). Each region is a bit different in style, as well as dancing.
Shishimai (Lion dance) are popular during traditional celebratory events, such as the New Year and Harvest festival (hounen-matsuri, around juugoya). Ryukuan lion dance is bit different from the Chinese style; less acrobatic, and usually larger or bulkier. There is a “handler” that sort of leads them around as they perform.
Reference (https://onookinawa.wordpress.com/2016/09/08/okinawa-lion-dance-獅子舞/)
The Lion's body is mainly made of sisal and this lionis body (in the photo) was made of sisal came from a company from Kyoto! Kawasaki Rope is a company that has produced ropes, traditional curtains called noren and traditional decorations for Japanese major ceremonies for over 80 years. Kawasaki Rope helped us bring this Lion to come over to Melbourne by providing a document for Australian customs. Thank you so much for your kind support.
Website (https://www.kawasaki-rope.com/)
Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/kawasakirope/)