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PATRON AND KEYNOTE ADDRESS
PATRON AND KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Dr. A. AJAYAGHOSH, FNA, FTWAS
Former Director, CSIR NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram
JC Bose National Fellow
Photoresponsive Soft Materials and Smart Windows
Soft functional materials that respond to external stimuli such as light, heat, voltage, magnetic field, mechanical stress, ions, pH etc. are important in a wide range of applications.1,2In this context, supramolecular soft materials derived from supramolecular polymerization or self-assembly oflow molecular weight organic molecules have generated significant attention because of their interesting stimuli responsive, dynamic physicochemical properties. For instance, π-conjugated molecules comprised of aromatic units exhibit excellent optical and electronic properties, which can be further modulated or controlled using external stimuli. However, a breakthrough application of a stimuli responsive supramolecular material is yet to be realized. Therefore, a deeper look at the system is necessaryfor their potential application. Recently, we have reported several molecular assemblies and gels that respond to heat, light, mechanical force etc.3-8Shown in the picture is a photoresponsive amphiphilic system having LCST behavior and its use in the design of smart windows for energy saving application. Inthis lecture, our contributions in photoresponsivesmartmaterialswill be discussed with the help of recent examples.
ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS
ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS
Prof. Chandrabhas Narayana
Director, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram
Dr. S Pradeep Kumar
Member Secratary, KSCSTE
Director, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden & Research Institute (JNTBGRI), TVPM
Prof. (Dr.) G M Nair
Director, CLIF, University of Kerala
Director, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram
Dr. T.R. Santhosh Kumar
Scientist G, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram
Prof. Mahesh Hariharan
IISER, Thiruvananthapuram
Prof. (Dr.) Sebastian C. Peter
JNCASR, Bangalore
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Dr. Shigeyuki Yagi
Dr. Shigeyuki Yagi
Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
https://researchmap.jp/shigeyuki_yagi?lang=en
Magnetic field driven circularly polarized luminescence from phosphorescent organometallic complexes and their electroluminescent devices
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is emission from a chemical substance with optical anisotropy, oscillating in a left- or right-handed spiral manner. CPL attracts much attention because it is potentially useful for 3D displays, security technologies, and sensory systems. In this context, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) providing circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) should be reliable light sources, and therein, chiral luminophores are required as CPL-active emitting materials. Development of such materials, however, often requires lots of costs and takes considerable time, through asymmetric synthesis and optical resolution. Here the author demonstrates generation of CPL without any optically active luminophores, i.e., generation of CPL from racemic or achiral phosphorescent organometallic complexes and their OLEDs under an external magnetic field.
Racemic iridium(III) complexes (i.e., a mixture of Δ- and Λ-optical isomers) and an achiral platinum(II) complex were focused on as phosphorescent emitters. For example, when a CH2Cl2 solution of Ir(ppy)3 was placed between N- and S-poles of a 1.0 T magnet (S-up and N-up Faraday geometries; S→N and N→Sparallel toout-coupled emission, respectively), a pair of mirror-image CPL spectra were obtained with an absolute value of anisotropy factor of |gMCPL| = 1.2×10‒3 [1].The sign of magnetic CPL (MCPL) was completely switchable by the Faraday geometry, andright- and left-handed MCPLs were observed under N-up and S-up geometries, respectively. Under the magnetic field, an OLED with Ir(ppy)3 also exhibited magnetic CPEL (MCPEL), where the sign of MCPEL was the same as that of the solution sample under the same Faraday geometry [2]. From the platinum(II) complex (F2-ppy)Pt(acac), achiral due to its square planar structure, MCPL and MCPEL were also observed in the solution and device states, respectively [3, 4]. Interesting is that the monomer‒excimer dual emission led to MCPL and MCPEL with varying colors from bluish green to orange.
References
1. Yagi, S., Imai, Y.et al. (2021).Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 5074‒5078.
2. Yagi, S., Imai, Y.et al.(2022). ChemPhotoChem,6, e202100253 (5 pages).
3. Yagi, S., Imai, Y.et al. (2021).Chem. AsianJ., 16, 926‒930.
4.Yagi, S., Imai, Y.et al. (2023).Org. Electron., 122, 106893 (8 pages).
Dr. Hiromitsu Maeda
Dr. Hiromitsu Maeda
Professor
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/lifescience/achem/maeda/
π-Electronic Ion Pairs for Stacked Assemblies and Functional Materials
π-Electronic ions with appropriate geometries and peripheral substituents provide assemblies through the interactions between charged building subunits, resulting in fascinating electronic properties. Structures and properties of the assemblies can be controlled by the combined positively and negatively charged species in the assemblies.[1–3] In fact, π-electronic ion pairs comprising porphyrin-based π-electronic anions[4] have exhibited characteristic assembling modes via iπ–iπ interactions and resulting electronic properties such as solid-state absorption, which was correlated with the arrangement of constituent charged π-systems, and photoinduced electron transfer.[5] On the other hand, ion pairs of porphyrin–AuIII complexes as π-electronic cations, prepared with the combination of various anions including π-electronic anions, formed assemblies as crystals and thermotropic liquid crystals, whose ionic components were highly organized by iπ–iπ interactions (mainly electrostatic and dispersion forces).[6] Among various combinations of these porphyrin cations and anions, the “activated” ion pair of meso-EWG (electron-withdrawing group)-substituted cation and meso-EDG (electron-donating group)-substituted anion exhibited the electron transfer in the ground state according to solvent polarity, resulting in the production of the radical pair. The ESR in frozen toluene revealed the formation of aheterodiradical in a close stacking structure by the antiferromagnetic dipolar interaction and temperature-dependent spin transfer behavior.[7]
[1] Recent reviews: (a) Haketa, Y.; Yamasumi, K. et al. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2023, 52, 7170; (b) Haketa, Y. et al. Responsive Mater.2023, 1, e20230018. [2] Recent reports on ion pairs and assemblies: (a) Yamasumi, K. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2023, 62, e202216013; (b)Sugiura, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 144, 8122; (c) Haketa, Y. et al. Chem. Sci.2024, 15, in press (DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04564a). [3] Selected reports on pyrrole-based π-electronic molecules: (a) Haketa, Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2020, 142, 16420; (b) Ishikawa, S. et al. under revision. [4](a) Sasano, Y. et al. Dalton Trans.2017, 46, 8924; (b) Sasano, Y. et al. Chem. Eur. J.2019, 25, 6712. [5] Sasano, Y.; Tanaka, H. et al. Chem. Sci.2021, 12, 9645. [6](a) Haketa, H. et al.iScience2019, 14, 241; (b) Tanaka, H. et al.Chem. Asian J.2019, 14, 2129. [7](a) Tanaka, H. et al.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 21710; (b) Tanaka, H. et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2023, 29, e202203957.
Dr. Shiju Raveendran
Dr. Shiju Raveendran
Associate Professor, Van 't Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam.
https://www.uva.nl/en/profile/s/h/n.r.shiju/n.r.shiju.html?cb#Profile
MAX phases and MXenes in heterogeneous catalysis
In this talk, I will give an overview of our recent projects on the development of sustainable processes. In the first part, I will describe about the chemical recycling of plastics. Plastics are unavoidable now in our society. However, only a small fraction of used plastics are recycled, which creates an unsustainable stream of plastic waste. The environmental and health impacts of these waste streams that are currently being landfilled or incinerated are enormous. We therefore need urgent solutions that can convert the waste into building blocks, in an economical and sustainable way. We are developing hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) for recycling plastics waste and I will present our recent results of this project on using mixed plastic waste as a feedstock to produce fresh monomers.
In the second part, I will present the results on MAX phase and MXene materials. Recently we discovered that a MAX phase material, which hitherto had not used in catalysis, efficiently catalyses the oxidation of n-butane to butenes and butadiene. The catalyst, which combines both metallic and ceramic properties, is stable for several hours of reaction. This material has neither lattice oxygen nor noble metals, yet a unique combination of numerous defects and a thin surface mixed oxide layer that is rich in oxygen vacancies makes it an active catalyst. These materials and their 2D derivatives, MXenes, can be used as catalysts and supports in different reactions, which will be described in detail in this talk.
References
[1] T. K. Slot, P. Oulego, Z. Sofer, Y. Bai, G. Rothenberg, N. R. Shiju, Ruthenium on Alkali-Exfoliated Ti3(Al0.8Sn0.2)C2 MAX Phase Catalyses Reduction of 4-Nitroaniline with Ammonia Borane, ChemCatChem, 2021,13, 3470-3478.
[2] T. K. Slot, V. Natu, E. V. Ramos-Fernandez, A.Sepúlveda-Escribano, M. Barsoum, G. Rothenberg and N R. Shiju, Enhancing catalytic epoxide ring-opening selectivity using surface-modified Ti3C2Tx MXenes, 2D Mater. 2021, 8, 035003.
[3] M. Ronda-Lloret, L. Yang, M. Hammerton, V. S. Marakatti, M. Tromp, Z. Sofer, A. Sepúlveda-Escribano, E. V. Ramos-Fernandez, J. J. Delgado, G. Rothenberg, T. R. Reina and N. R. Shiju,* Molybdenum Oxide Supported on Ti3AlC2 is an Active Reverse Water–Gas Shift Catalyst, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2021, 9, 14, 4957-4966.
[4] T. K. Slot, F. Yue, H. Xu, E. V. Ramos-Fernandez, A. Sepúlveda-Escribano, Z. Sofer, G. Rothenberg and N. R. Shiju, Surface oxidation of Ti3C2Tx enhances the catalytic activity of supported platinum nanoparticles in ammonia borane hydrolysis, 2D Mater., 2020, 8, 015001.
[5] M. Ronda‐Lloret, V. S. Marakatti, W.G. Sloof, J. J. Delgado, A. Sepúlveda‐Escribano, E. V. Ramos‐Fernandez, G. Rothenberg, N. R. Shiju, Butane Dry Reforming Catalyzed by Cobalt Oxide Supported on Ti2AlC MAX Phase, ChemSusChem, 2020, 13, 6401-6408.
Dr. Sanal Kumar Rajendran
Dr. Sanal Kumar Rajendran
Research Scientist, Genentech, USA
https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanalkumar-rajendran-560115b1/?trk=public-profile-join-page
https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=PRXSK1IAAAAJ&hl=en
Non-Coding DNA Hijacking: Unraveling the Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis
Tumorigenesis and cancer progression are frequently linked to chromosomal aberrations and mutations. Traditionally, the focus has been on studying genetic lesions within protein-coding genes. However, comprehensive whole-genome sequencing of human cancer samples has unveiled numerous non-coding mutations associated with cancer. Furthermore, oncogenic transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating the tumorigenic process by directly binding to non-coding cis-regulatory DNA, specifically enhancer elements. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumors driven by enhancer-DNA interactions holds the potential to unveil novel therapeutic options.
Dr. Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
Dr. Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
Emerging role of nanomaterials in functional cosmetics
Cosmetics are deemed as the fastest-growing segment of the personal care industry and their use has risen significantly over the years. The application of nanotechnology in cosmetics has been demonstrated to overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional cosmetics and to add additional useful functionalities to a formulation. Cosmetic formulations incorporating nanotechnology are a relatively new yet very promising and highly researched area.Various international and local brands are implementing this nanotechnology as an innovative approach tooffer high quality and efficacy of their cosmetic products. Cosmetics based on nanotechnology offer various advantages like increasing the bioavailability of the active ingredients and henceprolonging the effect of cosmetics while improving the overall performance.Nanocarrier technology has been effectively applied in the field of cosmetics due to the fact thatit can effectively promote percutaneous penetration and significantly increase skin retention of active components in functional cosmetics. This presentation focuses onthe advancement of nanomaterial and nanotechnology strategies andrelated innovations in topical delivery systems, and cosmetics formulations.
Dr. Subi Jacob George
Dr. Subi Jacob George
Professor,
JNCASR, Bangalore
https://www.jncasr.ac.in/faculty/george
https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=CK-ptZAAAAAJ&hl=en
Unleashing the Architectural Marvels: Advancing the Structural Landscape of Supramolecular Polymers
Supramolecular polymers formed by the noncovalent association of monomers have evolved over the last two decades as the most promising candidates for the design of dynamic, adaptive, and recyclable materials. Study of dynamic and adaptive supramolecular polymers has now entered an era that demands assemblies with more structural and dynamic control. The synergy between structural and temporal control is important for the advent of supramolecular polymers to be employed as functional adaptive materials. Thus, taking cue from the biological self-assembly process, kinetically controlled seeded growth has been recently shown to provide length, dispersity, and sequence control on the primary structure of dynamic supramolecular polymers.1 However, command over the molecular organization at all hierarchical levels for the modulation of higher order structures of supramolecular polymers remains a formidable task. In this context, a surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation process, which plays an important role in the autocatalytic generation of amyloid fibrils and during the chiral crystallization of small monomers, offers exciting possibilities for topology control in synthetic macromolecular systems by introducing secondary growth pathways compared to the usual primary nucleation–elongation process. However, mechanistic insights into the molecular determinants and driving forces for the secondary nucleation event in synthetic systems are not yet realized. Recently, we have filled this dearth by showing an unprecedented molecular chirality control on the primary and secondary nucleation events in seed-induced supramolecular polymerization.2 I will be discussing our recent attempts to use surface catalyzed secondary nucleation process, to modulate the topology of supramolecular polymers and to modulate the functional outcomes of supramolecular materials.3,4
1. a) A. Sarkar, S. J. George and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2020, 142,11528 –11539; b) A. Sarkar, S. J. George and co-workers J. Am. Chem.Soc.2020, 142,7606 –7617.
2. a) S. Sarkar, S. J. George and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2021, 143, 11777-11787.
3. R. Laishram, S. Sarkar, U. Maitra, S. J. George and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc2022, 144, 11306-11315.
4. S. Sarkar, R. Laishram, D. Deb, S. J. George,, J. Am. Chem. Soc2023 (under revision)
Prof. Sebastian C. Peter
Prof. Sebastian C. Peter
Carbon and Water Recycling for Sustainable Energy: A Journey from Fundamental Chemistry to Green Technologies
Two most imminent scientific and technological problems that mankind is facing now are energy and climate. The energy production and utilization in modern society is mostly based on the combustion of carbonaceous fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas the combustion of which produces CO2, which alters earth’s carbon cycle. 30 billion of tons of CO2 per year get emitted globally as waste from the carbonaceous fuel burning and industrial sector, which if converted to valuable chemicals have the potential to change the economy of the world. We, in our lab, are trying to address both issues and are keen upon translating our innovative technologies from the lab to the industrial and commercial scale. In this talk, I will discuss about our recent discoveries of materials based on intermetallics, chalcogenides, oxides, organic-inorganic hybrids, etc as efficient catalysts for the conversion of CO2 to chemicals/fuels.[1-15] We are capturing CO2 from industrial flue stream and converting it to value added chemicals/fuels such as methanol, CO, methane, dimethyl ether, C2-C5 & C5-C11 gasoline hydrocarbons. I will also cover our activities to produce green hydrogen via electrochemical pathway.[16] The utilization of hydrogen and other fuels like methanol/ethanol through fuel cells also will be discussed.[17] Catalyst design is at the heart of all these technologies, and we have developed customized catalyst systems for targeted product conversions as per the need of different industries. Development of these catalyst via various methods, the driving force behind the enhancement in activity and the mechanistic pathways will be explained with the support of various in-situ (DRIFTS, IR, XAFS), ex-situ (XPS, XRD, IR, XAFS) and theoretical (DFT calculation) studies. The talk also will cover the industrial viability of these catalysts.
References
Paul, R. Das, N. Das, S. Chakraborty, C-W. Pao, Q-T. Trinh, G. T. K. K. Gunassoriya, J. Mondal, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. 2023, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202311304.
S. Mohata, R. Das, K. Koner, S. Chakraborty, Y. Ogaeri, Y. Nishiyama, S. C. Peter, R. Banerjee, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c08688.
R. Das, R. Das, B. Ray, C. P. Vinod, S. C. Peter, Energy & Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 1967-1976.
R. Das, R. Paul, A.Parui, A. Shrotri, C. Atzori, K. A. Lomachenko, K. A.; Singh, J.Mondal, S. C. Peter, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c10351.
S. Chakraborty, R. Das, K. Das, A. K. Singh, D.Bagchi, C. P.Vinod, S. C.Peter, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202216613.
K. Das, R. Das, M. Riyaz, A. Parui, D. Bagchi, A. K. Singh, A. K. Singh, C. P. Vinod, S. C. Peter, Adv. Mater. 2022, 2205994.
D. Bagchi, J. Raj, A. K. Singh, A. Cherevotan, S. Roy, K. S. Manoj, C. P. Vinod, S. C. Peter, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2109426.
D. Bagchi, S. Sarkar, A. K. Singh, C. P. Vinod, S. C.Peter, ACS Nano 2022, 16, 6185–6196.
S. Sarkar, J. Raj, D.Bagchi, A. Cherevotan, C. P.Vinod, S. C. Peter, EES Catalysis, 2022, 1, 162-170.
D. Goud, S. R.Churipard, D.Bagchi, A. K. Singh, M. Riyaz, C. P.Vinod, S. C. Peter, ACS Catal. 2022, 12, 11118–11128.
A. Cherevotan, B. Ray, A. Yadav, D.Bagchi, A. K. Singh, M. Riyaz, S. R.Churipard, V.Naral, K. Kaur, U. K. Gautam, C. P. Vinod, S. C. Peter, J. Mater. Chem. A2022, 10, 18354-18362.
A. Cherevotan, B. Ray, S. R. Churipard, K. Kaur, U. K. Gautam, C. P. Vinod, S. C. Peter, Appl. Catal. B, 2022,317, 121692.
R. Das, S. Sarkar, R. Kumar,S. D. Ramarao, A.Cherevotan, M.Jasil, C. P. Vinod, A. K. Singh, S. C. Peter, ACS Catal., 2022, 12, 687-697.
A. Cherevotan, J. Raj, L. Dheer, S. Roy, S. Sarkar, R. Das, C. P. Vinod, S. Xu, P. Wells, U. V. Waghmare, S. C. Peter, ACS Energy Lett., 2021, 6, 509-516.
R. Das,S. Chakraborty, S. C. Peter, ACS Energy Lett., 2021, 6, 3270–3274.
S. Mondal, S. Sarkar, D.Bagchi, T. Das, R. Das, A. K. Singh, P. K. Prasanna, C. P. Vinod, S. Chakraborty, S. C. Peter, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2202294.
S. Mondal, D. Bagchi, S. Sarkar, A. K.Singh, C. P. Vinod, S. C. Peter, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 44, 11859.
Dr. T. G. Satheesh Babu
Dr. T. G. Satheesh Babu
Professor, Amrita Biomedical Engineering Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore.
https://www.amrita.edu/faculty/tg-satheesh/
Affordable Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices using Nanomaterials
In developing and underdeveloped countries, the accessibility to clinical labs with sophisticated instrumentation facilities is limited. Further, the low and middle-income community cannot afford the expensive but indispensable tests necessary to diagnose and monitor diseases. The mortality and morbidity rates can substantially be reduced with affordable and accessible diagnostic methods. Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) can revolutionize healthcare by providing rapid, affordable, and accessible diagnosis at the site of need. They have several advantages: low sample and reagent volume, no sample preparation required, shorter analysis time, high throughput, no need for a trained technician, and the test can be performed near the patient. They can be automated and multiplexed. Early diagnosis helps doctors and patients start treatment in the preliminary stage and decrease mortality.According to WHO, POCT devices for developing countries should be ASSURED, meaning affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end-users.
This talk focuses on the applications of nanomaterials for developing Point-of-care Diagnostic devices. In particular, the development of materials for enzyme-free biosensing, lab-on-a-chip devices for metabolites, cancer biomarkers and microorganisms, and paper analytical devices.
Sajan Daniel George
Sajan Daniel George
Professor
Department of Atomic & Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Karnataka
https://manipal.edu/damp/department-faculty/faculty-list/sajan-daniel-george.html
Surface engineering at Nanoscale: Fabrication and Applications
Dr. Rakhi R B
Dr. Rakhi R B
MoS2 nanostructures as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors
Dr. Mohanan P.V.
Dr. Mohanan P.V.
Scientist G,
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum
Organs-on-a-chip for biological evaluation
Organs-on-a-chip device is defined as a microfluidics system for living cells culturing in continuously perfused, micrometer sized chambers, in order to model physiological functions of tissue and organs.Micro channels and chambers are etched on to biocompatible materials like PDMS where physiologically relevant, organ-specific microenvironments are fabricated. These devices are biomimetic system built on a microfluidic chip, in which cross-organ communication is established, allowing the study of organ/multi-organ processes and modelling of systemic diseases. The multi organs-on-a-chip (MoC), technologies mimic organ interactions observed in the human body and lead to the absorption, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of the molecules of interest. Several technologies are employed to fabricate micro-channels and chambers that allow fluid flow even in ranges of femtoliters in a tunable manner. Micro-engineered devices, incorporating fluidics and sensor technologies, have permitted the transfer of 3-D tissues to a dynamic environment, creating organs-on-a-chip that more closely resemble human organs in vivo. 3D bioengineered constructs, ex vivo tissues, re-cellularized scaffolds and bio-printed constructs with micro-fabricated structures and possibly chemical, physical or molecular sensors for real-time on-chip assays are integrated inside these micro-channels to achieve multi organ-on-a-chip platforms.Major Applications of MoCare,toxicity screening, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, ADME profiling, cancer studies or other disease modelling.The concept of human-on-a-chip have evolved over the past few years from a conceptual idea to a possible alternative for animal models, and the potential of the systems is now universally recognized by scientists, the pharmaceutical industry and government authorities.
Prof. Mahesh Hariharan
Prof. Mahesh Hariharan
Greek Cross (+) Aggregate
The independent discovery of dye aggregate by Jelley and Scheibe marked the beginning of a spectacular development in the field of aggregate photophysics.[1] Subsequent research warranted an exceptional model for defining the exciton interactions in aggregates, proposed by Kasha and Davydov independently, which was later modified by incorporating the short-range excitonic coupling.[2,3] Apart from the well-studied H- and J-aggregate, achieving the orthogonally cross-stacked assembly possessingnull excitonic interactions remainedelusive. The first crystalline evidence for the chromophoric Greek cross (+) assembly exhibiting monomer-like optical propertieswas reported in 2018 (Figure 1).[4]The emergentphotophysical properties of the crafted Greek cross (+) architectures were explored using both experimentaland computationaltechniques for understanding the aggregate properties beyond Kasha’s model.[5,6]The manifestation of selective hole transfer coupling in the edge-to-edge arranged Greek cross (+) perylenediimide (PDI) dimer resulted in ultrafast dissociation of null exciton and evolution of the charge-separated state in a polar solvent, providing a way forward in the fundamental understanding of null aggregates.[7]
[1] (a) E. E.Jelley, Nature 1936, 138, 1009; (b) G.Scheibe, Angew. Chem. 1937, 50, 212; (c) R.Ramakrishnan, M. A. Niyas, M. P.Lijina, M.Hariharan, Acc. Chem. Res.,2019, 52, 3075.
[2] (a) M. Kasha, H. R. Rawls, M. El-Bayoumi, Pure Appl. Chem., 1965, 11, 371; (b) A. S. Davydov, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi; 1964, 7, 145.
[3] N. J. Hestand, F. C. Spano, J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 143, 244707.
[4] E. Sebastian, A. M. Philip, A. Benny, M.Hariharan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2018, 57,15696.
[5] M. P. Lijina, A. Benny, R. Ramakrishnan, N. G. Nair, M. Hariharan,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142, 17393.
[6] A. Benny, R. Ramakrishnan, M. Hariharan, Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 5064.
[7] (a) E. Sebastian, M. Hariharan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143, 13769; (b) E. Sebastian,M. Hariharan, ACS Energy Lett., 2022, 7, 696; (c) E. Sebastian, J. Sunny, M.Hariharan, Chem. Sci. 2022, 13; (d) E. Sebastian, M.Hariharan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62, e202216482.(e) M. P. Lijina, A. Benny, E. Sebastian and M. Hariharan*, Chem. Soc. Rev.2023, 52, 6664-6679.
Dr. Radhakrishnan E.K.
Dr. Radhakrishnan E.K.
Associate Professor,
School of Biosciences, MG University, Kottayam.
Nanotechnological opportunities in Plant system
Prof. Dr. SAJEEVAN T.P
Prof. Dr. SAJEEVAN T.P
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Kochi, Kerala, India
Recent Advancements in Bioprospecting for Discovering Novel Drug Candidates from Marine Microbial Diversity for Biomedical Application
Natural products have been pivotal in modern drug development, contributing significantly as antibacterial and anticancer agents, constituting a substantial portion of FDA-approved drugs. Despite this, the pace of discovering new bioactive compounds has diminished, resulting in increased rediscovery of known compounds. Consequently, exploring uncharted or underexplored habitats for unique microorganisms is imperative to unveil novel metabolites with desirable bioactivities.The biological diversity of marine environments presents an expansive potential for discovering natural products, particularly from various phyla such as bacteria (including cyanobacteria), fungi, algae, sponges, corals, sea hares, bryozoans, and tunicates. Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces species, contribute significantly to microbial secondary metabolites, showcasing substantial pharmacological activities. Notably, many bioactive compounds initially isolated from marine invertebrates were later attributed to their associated microorganisms, highlighting the pivotal role of these microbes in metabolite production. In recent years, a resurgence in marine pharmacology has ushered numerous compounds into biomedical use, with 10 FDA-approved marine-derived drugs, spanning cancer treatments, pain relief, hypertriglyceridemia, and antiviral therapy. Additionally, numerous marine natural products are in clinical trials or the preclinical pipeline, signifying their potential for therapeutic application.
The revitalization of marine natural product discovery involves innovative tools and techniques such as genome mining, compound activity mapping (e.g., FUSION technology), high-content biological screening, bioinformatics, molecular networking (GNPS), cheminformatics approaches, and computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE) software. Advancements in artificial intelligence, including neural networks and deep learning systems like the small molecule accurate recognition technology (SMART), augment compound structure determination efficiency. Complete genomic information coupled with biosynthetic gene clusters enhances the prediction and production of natural product chemicals, further streamlining their structural determination.Concurrently, the largely unexplored and extreme environmental conditions of polar glaciomarine systems harbour diverse microorganisms, offering a potential treasure trove for novel drug candidates. Advanced genome mining techniques, dereplication tools like GNPS molecular networking, and innovations in isolating previously non-cultivatable microbes, such as the iChip, contribute significantly to the discovery of bioactive compounds from these environments.
The recent surge in bioprospecting, encompassing marine environments and polar regions, showcases a promising avenue for discovering novel drug candidates. The amalgamation of innovative methodologies and exploration of untapped habitats holds tremendous potential in augmenting the pharmaceutical pipeline with bioactive compounds, paving the way for future biomedical advancements.
Dr. Hubert Joe
Dr. Hubert Joe
Fabrication of Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CP –FA nanoformulation for targeted drug delivery
Nanotechnology, an emerging scientific discipline, focuses on manipulating and exploring particles and materials within the dimensional range of 1–100 nm .The small size of nanoparticles (NPs) enhances molecular interactions, enabling effective processes like adsorption, absorption, and penetration[1]. Nanotechnology spans various scientific and technological domains, including biology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, chemistry, physics, electronics, information technology,industry and medicine.Nanomaterials serve as carrier systems for medicines and biologically active compounds. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have broad applications in biotechnology, separation techniques, and environmental modification. SPIONs, especially in biotechnology, are utilized for targeted drug and gene delivery, contrast enhancement, hyperthermia reagents [2,3].Their magnetic features, low toxicity, biodegradability, responsive surface, and ability to be adjustable with biocompatible coatings make SPIONs advantageous in drug/gene delivery. Including Fe2+ state in SPIONs sets them apart, and the core–shell structure with a gold coating (SPION@Au) enhances stability and dispersion while preventing oxidation.Core–shell SPION@Au nanoparticles have gained attention in biomedical imaging, targeted drug administration, and cancer therapy. These structures are often surface-modified with biocompatible polymers like dextran to enhance colloidal stability and biocompatibility. Polymers like DEX minimizes cellular damage, improves medication absorption, and allows controlled drug release.Cisplatinhas a significant efficacy in inhibiting cancer growth, combating microbial infections, and reducing inflammation.However, its therapeutic application is hinderedby its exceedingly low water solubility and poor absorption.As a result of its overproduction on the surfaces of several tumor cells, such as liver tumor cells, FA has been used as a curative agent targeting molecules.
References
[1] A. V. Samrot, C.S. Sahithya, J. Selvarani A, S.K. Purayil, P. Ponnaiah, A review on synthesis, characterization and potential biological applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem. 4 (2021) 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2020.100042.
[2] L.X. Liu, B.X. Li, Q.Y. Wang, Z.P. Dong, H.M. Li, Q.M. Jin, H. Hong, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, An Integrative Folate-Based Metal Complex Nanotube as a Potent Antitumor Nanomedicine as Well as an Efficient Tumor-Targeted Drug Carrier, Bioconjug. Chem. 27 (2016) 2863–2873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00520.
[3] A.A. Saei, A. Barzegari, M.H. Majd, D. Asgari, Y. Omidi, Fe3O4 nanoparticles engineered for plasmid DNA delivery to Escherichia coli, J. Nanoparticle Res. 16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2521-0.
Dr. U. S. Hareesh
Dr. U. S. Hareesh
Senior Principal Scientist, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), industrial Estate PO Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala
Advances in CO2 Capture and Conversion
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