C.4 Standing waves and resonance

Understandings

• standing waves in terms of superposition of two identical waves travelling in opposite directions

• nodes and antinodes, relative amplitude and phase difference of points along a standing wave

• standing waves patterns in strings and pipes

• resonance including natural frequency and amplitude of oscillation based on driving frequency

• the effect of damping on the maximum amplitude and resonant frequency of oscillation

• the effects of light, critical and heavy damping on the system.