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1. INTRODUCTION
British came to India in 1600 as traders. In 1765, East india company became a ''territorial power'' after getting ''diwani rights''. Many europeans company came to india to get monopoly over humongous trade with india, But only E.I.C{east india company} became powerful in indian territory, which increases exploitation of india on a large scale.
later, in 1858, in the wake of sepoy mutiny, the ''BRITISH CROWN'' assumes direct responsibility for the govt. of india. why so??because india was the most important colony of british imperialism and for their industrialization, and rule india till it's independence.
With independence came the ''need of constitution'' and for this purpose constituent assembly formed in 1946.
2. official & unofficial demand of constituent assembly
For the 1st time constituent assembly was demanded in year of 1895 by ''Bal gangadhar tilak''{Bal of lal bal pal} but it was an unofficial demand, It was demanded through a magazine ''swarajya bill''.
2nd demand was put forth by ''Gandhi ji'' in 1922 through his magazine ''young india''. He asserted ''India's destiny should be determined by the indian's themselves.
In 1924, ''Pandit moti lal nehru'' demanded constituent assembly.
#.Official means by congress only
1st official demand for constituent assembly was put forward by ''M.N Roy'' in 1934. which became an 'official demand' of the INC in 1935.
15 November 1939 : C. Rajagopalachari demand for a constituent assembly and was accepted by the british in august 1940.
3. Demand in world perspective
America was the 1st country in modern times to have a written constitution which was framed by an elected body ''philadelphia convention'' in 1787.
A similar method was adopted in france when the ''National assembly'' adopted new constitution after french revolution during 1789-1791.
After that many countries of europe also set up constituent assembly. further nations who fought for their independence always demanded a constituent assembly.
4. EXPLOITATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY
TRADERS PHASE {1600-1757} : BRITAIN=>money=> INDIA=>raw material{indian price & condition} => WORLD MARKET=>profit=>BRITAIN.
POLITICAL POWER PHASE {1757-1857} : BRITAIN =>no money=>INDIA=> raw material{from bribery, revenue etc.}=>WORLD MARKET=>profit=>BRITAIN.(Unilateral transfer of money)
#.''1757-1857'': This phase is called ''DRAIN OF WEALTH'' by DADA BHAI NAIROJI.
TIMELINE: TRADERS TO RULERS {click to see}
Q:-WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF THIS PHASE{1757-1857} ?
ANS:- E.I.C employees = New NAWAB'S. This too much profit became the reason of 'birth of envy' between other companies & political parties in britain. other companies started protest against E.I.C role in india. under pressure ''Regulating act 1773'' came in India to control E.I.C.
5. REGULATING ACT 1773
It was the 1st attempt by British parliament to regulate the affairs of E.I.C.
A secret committee formed by the British PM ''Lord north'' recommended this act. This act brought a 'written constitution' for the regulation of E.I.C.
It was the 1st attempt towards ''centralized administration'' in India, when the 'governor' of bengal become 'governor-general' of bengal'. ''warren hastings'' was the 1st governor-general of bengal.
All the civil and military powers were given to governor-general -in-council{ g.g+ 4 members}. hence, executive& legislative functioning both.
Section-13 of this act empowered the crown to establish a ''SUPREME COURT'' for britishers & british institution in India. but if any Indian want judgement from this S.C, they want to request first and then wait for it's acceptance. King George 3rd issued a charter for establishment of 'Supreme court' at fort william ''calcutta in 1744''. Sir Elijah impey was the 'chief justice' &other 3 judges were jhon hyde, robert chamber& le maistre.
Q..Governor-general of bengal& supreme court in bengal. why bengal ??
ANS.. On that point of time, bengal was the richest and political center of india. by controlling bengal, E.I.C got control over Bombay& madras and all over the India.
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