Microcontroller Architecture – General internal architecture, Address bus, Data bus, control bus. The Microcontroller 8051: Features of 8051 microcontroller, Block diagram of 8051- program status word (PSW), accumulator, program counter. Memory organization – RAM & ROM, register banks and stack, Special Function Registers (SFRs), I/O port organization, Interrupts.

Instruction Set of 8051 & Addressing modes: Classification of instruction set - Data transfer group, arithmetic group, logical group, branching group. Addressing modes - Types. Accessing the data from internal and external memory.

Programming 8051 Using Assembly Language: Introduction to 8051 assembly language programming. Data types & directives, Concept of subroutine. Software delay programming. Programming 8051 Using Embedded C Language: Introduction to embedded C – advantages.

Timer / Counter in 8051: Timer registers - Timer0, Timer1. Configuration of timer registers. Timer mode programming. Counter mode. Serial Communication in 8051: Serial communication – modes and protocols, RS-232 pin configuration and connection. Serial port programming – transmitting and receiving. Programming the interrupts: Use external, timer and serial port interrupts. Interrupt priority settings.