DOSSIER
DOSSIER
Facsimile and clipping collection
Facsimile and clipping collection
Embedded Files
This collection of documents refers to my research, in which I led a initial clue published in a paper about the provenance of a collection of 6 Candomblé chants that would be recorded in Salvador in 1937, by the singer Olga Praguer Coelho, using an Edison's Phonograph requested by Mário de Andrade to the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv. These recordings are, today, under custody of the Ethnologisches Museum of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, soon to be transferred to the Humboldt Forum. Despite the fact that this information is, today, considered the accepted hypothesis for the provenance of this recordings, many times replicated as source data in various papers, my research found no possible connection between what was published and the facts that I could check until now; which makes me think that the initial clue is wrong. Up to this date, I still could not find any confirmation about who/how/where the phonograms were collected, and if you know anything about this, I would be glad to hear from you, as my research will continue on this matter. All the references I had access can be found below, related especially to the II Congresso Afro-Brasileiro [2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress] in Salvador - which I believe it would be the most likely event for these recordings to have taken place in the 1937's Salvador, as well as personal letters exchanged between some of the people involved in this event and other researches on Afro-Brazilian music at that time, and, also, the institutions that would may be involved. Other references listed are of works/things/facts/people cited in other parts of the main text, that I believe is also worthy of be accessed here. My intention in publishing my research in full, as well as the dossier related, is to register my process of artistic research and to make clear my motivations and aims in this regard. Important to highlight that some of the documents below cannot be used outside of this work without authorization of the original source/archive. I linked them in the references to be easier to request the rights, if you need.
Please, let me know if you find any error: calonga.suelen@gmail.com
Naming convention: [date]_[type]_[subject]_[sequence] - Documents ordered by date of issue
Naming convention: [date]_[type]_[subject]_[sequence] - Documents ordered by date of issue
TYPE
MY REF. CODE(links to my dossier)
DESCRIPTION(links to the original source)
letter
Copy translated to Portuguese - From Marius Schneider to Roquette Pinto informing that Staatliche Museum für Völkerkunde owns chants of indigenous peoples from Brazil and asking for collaborations to get more, with German equipment. Hand note by Heloisa Torres (Brazilian National Museum) to Mario de Andrade (Cultural Department of São Paulo) saying that theirs answer to the inquire was never responded (ref.: 19350425_CAR_MSN-EMB_001). [Typed and Manuscript]
letter
Copy translated to Portuguese - From the Brazilian National Museum (J. César Diogo) to Berliner Phonogram-archiv (Marius Schneider) replying previous contact (ref.: 19341011_CAR_MS-RP_001), explaining that the Museum can help in collecting the indigenous chants if/when have opportunities, and accepting the German phonographs. [Typed]
letter
From Oneyda Alvarenga to Arthur Ramos requesting the donation of popular Brazilian instruments to compose the collection of the Museum of Instruments, still to be created, and the type of information to be sent together: Note by hand from Mário de Andrade informing that he will write you soon [Typed and Manuscript]
letter
Copy in German - From the Cultural Department of São Paulo to Berliner Phonogram-Archiv asking access to Brazilian chants inventories of the institution, informing the intention to obtain phonograms to compose the local library and proposing payment in cash or other phonograms. [Typed]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos informing about the progress of research for the book "O Fetichismo Negro da Bahia" (Bahia’s Black Fetishism) and communicates the discovery of a notebook in mussulmi writing and the attempt to develop a Nagô-Portuguese vocabulary. [Manuscript]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos inquiring about the publication of the 2nd volume of the "Afro-Brazilian Studies" and about the holding of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress and presents a study plan for a book on Bantus in Bahia. [Manuscript]
letter
Letter of recommendation from Ayres de Andrade (Radio Tupi) to Mário de Andrade presenting Olga Praguer Coelho, interested in talk about Brazilian folklore. [Manuscript]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos forwarding photos and additions to the book "Religiões Negras" (Black Religions) and confirming the holding of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress in Bahia. [Manuscript]
media clipping
“Para divulgar o folklore Brasileiro na Europa – Designada a cantora Olga Praguer” [To promote Brazilian folklore in Europe - Nominated singer Olga Praguer] - Correio da Manhã, 29.04.1936. p2
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos presenting and asking for placement for his brother Ivan de Souza Carneiro, courier of the promised book in mussulmi writing and insisting that he attend the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress. [Manuscript]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos reiterating his invitation to the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress and commenting on an article he had written about capoeira in Angola. [Manuscript]
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Mário de Andrade with information about the berimbau desired by MA; request for collaboration for publication of the "University Association of Bahia". [Manuscript]
letter
Card from Aydano do Couto Ferraz to Mário de Andrade informing about difficulties on the purchase of the berimbau ordered by MA, and the sending of a picture of Berimbau de Vara being played in Capoeira during the Lord of Bonfim celebrations in Bahia. [Manuscript]
letter
From Reginaldo Guimarães (secretary of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress) to Francisco Conceição Menezes inviting for attendance to the congress, explaining the kind of activities to be held, and citing participants confirmed. [Typed]
media clipping
“Despedindo-se do público brasileiro – O recital de Olga Praguer Coelho na ‘Hora do Brasil’” [Bidding farewell to the Brazilian public - Olga Praguer Coelho's recital at ‘Hora do Brasil’ - Correio da Manhã, 04.08.1936. p8
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Mário de Andrade explaining the difficulty in obtaining the berimbau ordered by MA. Material possibilities to make possible a folkloric research trip planned by MA, making available religious imaginary shipment. News of the publication of MA article and Oneyda Alvarenga's poems in the newspaper of the University Association of Bahia. [Typed]
document
Communication to the Mayer of São Paulo about the impossibility of sending a representative to the Afro-Brazilian Congress in Salvador. Signed by Sergio Milliet. 27.11.1937 [Typed]
letter
From Reginaldo Guimarães (secretary of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress) to Theodoro Sampaio (president of IGBH) confirming the realization of the congress in January 15-20th and asking for a new room in the institute to hold a small exhibition of black musical instruments, statues of deities and drawings. [Typed]
letter
Newsletter signed by Aydano Couto Ferraz to all participants of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress inviting to paper submission, justifying the changing of dates and informing the names confirmed and the place of activities. [Typed]
letter
From the commission of 2nd Afro- Brazilian Congress, signed by Aydano do Couto Ferraz and Edison Carneiro, confirming the dates of the event and asking understandings regarding the assemblage of the exhibition. [Typed]
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – O professor Renato Mendonça virá á Bahia tomar parte nos seus trabalhos” [II Afro-Brazilian Congress – Professor Renato Mendonça will come to Bahia to gtake part in the Works” - Diário de Notícias, 06.01.1937
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – Uma reunião preparatória, hoje, na A.U.B” [II Afro-Brazilian Congress – A preparatory meeting today at A.U.B] - Diário de Notícias, 07.01.1937
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – O programma dos trabalhos desse importante certâmen scientífico” legenda da foto: “A comissão executiva do 2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro diante do barracão do candomblé da Goméa” [II Afro-Brazilian Congress – The programme of Works in this importante scientific exhibition” photo caption: “The executive comissiono f the II Afro-Brazilian Congress in front of the barracão of Candomblé da Goméa” - Estado da Bahia, 08.01.1937
letter
From Aydano do Couto Ferraz to Mario de Andrade with considerations on the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress and the arrival of Camargo Guarnieri, who already started the research. 09.01.1937. Typed after Reading from the original manuscript, because the copy wasn’t authorized. Ref. MA-C-CPL2739
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos informing that he intends to publish a journal on the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress and that the 3rd Congress will be held in São Paulo in 1939. [Manuscript]
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – Sua instalação, hoje á tarde, no I. Historico – o programa do certamem – outras notas” [II Afro-Brazilian Congress – It’s installation this afternoon at Historic Institute – the exhibition programme – other notes] A Tarde, 11.01.1937. p2
media clipping
“Installa-se hoje o 2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – Como decorrerão os respectivos trabalhos” legenda da foto: Dr. Arthur Ramos, estudioso dos assumptos afro-brasileiros e que deve comparecer, conforme o anunciado, ao prezado certemen” The II Afro-Brazilian Congress is being held today - How the respective works will take place" photo caption: Dr. Arthur Ramos, a scholar of the Afro-Brazilian themes and who should attend, as announced, to the dear certamen] Diário de Notícias, 11.01.1937. front cover
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – o programa dos trabalhos desse importante certâmen” [2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress - the program of the work of this important certamen] Estado da Bahia, 11.01.1937
media clipping
“Installa-se hoje o 2º congresso Afro-Brasileiro – nesta sessão serão lidas as theses de dante de Laytano, Alfredo Brandão e Edison Carneiro” [The 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress is being held today - in this session the theses of Dante Laytano, Alfredo Brandão and Edison Carneiro will be read] Estado da Bahia, 11.01.1937
media clipping
“Segundo Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – como decorreu a sua sessão de instalação” legenda da foto: “a mesa que presidiu os trabalhos da sessão inaugural” [Second Afro-Brazilian Congress - how its installation session took place" photo caption: "the table that presided over the inaugural session] Estado da Bahia, 12.01.1937
media clipping
“O dia de hontem do Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – As theses discutidas nas sessões – A visita aos terreiros de Procopio e de Engenho Velho – O programa para hoje – Intelectuais brasileiros presentes ao Congresso – Os números de capoeira de amanhã – Sessão ordinária” [Yesterday's Afro-Brazilian Congress - The theses discussed in the sessions - The visit to the Procópio and Engenho Velho terreiros - The program for today - Brazilian intellectuals present at the Congress - Tomorrow's capoeira numbers - Ordinary session] Estado da Bahia, anno V, 12.01.1937
media clipping
“O concerto da artista Olga Coelho” [The artist Olga Coelho’s concert] - Correio da Manhã, 13.01.1937. p6
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – o dia de hontem – os congressistas no Opô Afonjá – Os trabalhos de hoje – Samba – Capoeira Angola – Visita ao terreiro da Goméa – Sessão da noite no Instituto Histórico” [II Afro-Brazilian Congress - the day of yesterday - the congressmen at Opô Afonjá - Today's works - Samba - Capoeira Angola - Visit to Goméa's terreiro - Evening Session at the Historical Institute] Estado da Bahia, anno V, 14.01.1937
media clipping
“Não se encerrará hoje o 2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – Será interrompido pela festa do Senhor do Bonfim – Três dias de animados programas” legenda da foto: “Na festa oferecida aos congressistas pelo candomblé do Matatu tirou-se esta fotografia, na qual se vêm os estudiosos de opulenta africanologia bahiana entre negros fetichistas. A esquerda, o maestro paulista Camargo Guarnieri anota motivos da música bárbara dos atabaques, agogôs e ganzás” [The 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress will not end today - it will be interrupted by the Senhor do Bonfim party - three days of lively programs" caption of the photo: "At the party offered to the congressmen by the Matatu candomblé, this photo was taken, in which scholars of opulent Afro-Brazilian biology among black fetishists are seen. On the left, maestro Camargo Guarnieri, from São Paulo, notes the motifs of the barbaric music of the atabaques, agogôs and ganzás] A Tarde, 15.01.1937
media clipping
“O que vae ser o segundo Congresso Afro-Brasileiro da Bahia – Nota da Commissão Central, lida pelo escritor João Calazans, ao microfone da Radio Commercial da Bahia, em 9 do corrente – As adesões recebidas e as theses que serão defendidas – O aspecto popular do congresso e o apoio do governo – O programa do segundo congresso afro-brasileiro da Bahia – Comissões técnicas” [What will be the second Afro-Brazilian Congress of Bahia - Note from the Central Commission, read by the writer João Calazans, at the microphone of Radio Commercial da Bahia, on 9 of the current - The adhesions received and the theses that will be defended - The popular aspect of the congress and the government support - The program of the second Afro-Brazilian Congress of Bahia - Technical Commissions] Diário da Manhã, 15.01.1937
media clipping
“As últimas reuniões do Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – As sessões de terça feira, 19 – A homenagem dos congressistas a Nina Rodrigues – Uma festa no candomblé do Bate-Folha – Os visitantes na Bahia – As theses discutidas – As festas do congresso – O encerramento” [The last meetings of the Afro-Brazilian Congress - The sessions of Tuesday, 19 - The tribute of the congress participants to Nina Rodrigues - A party in the Bate-Folha candomblé - The visitors in Bahia - The theses discussed - The parties of the congress - The closing] Estado da Bahia, anno V, 18.01.1937
media clipping
“A artista Olga Praguer Coelho em Roma” [The artist Olga Praguer Coelho in Rome] - Correio da Manhã, 17.01.1937. p5
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – Encerra-se amanha o proveitoso certâmen, que alcançou apreciável êxito” [2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress - The fruitful certamen, which has achieved considerable success, closes tomorrow] A Tarde, 18.01.1937
letter
From Aydano do Couto Ferraz to Mario de Andrade giving news about Guarnieri’s research, asking for collaborations for the congress proceedings and with a note signed by Jorge Amado making compliments to Camaargo Guarnieri. 19.01.1937. Typed after Reading from the original manuscript, because the copy wasn’t authorized. Ref. MA-C-CPL2740
media clipping
“O 2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – O encerramento – As sessões de hoje – Homenagem a Nina Rodrigues – Uma festa no candomblé do Bate Folha – As últimas reuniões do congresso” legenda da foto: “Dr. Hosannah de Oliveira, um dos oradores na sessão de encerramento do congresso hoje” [The 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress - The closing - Today's sessions - Homage to Nina Rodrigues - A party at the candomblé do Bate Folha - The last congress meetings. Photo caption: Dr. Hosannah de Oliveira, one of the speakers at the congress closing session today] Diário de Notícias, 19.01.1937. front cover.
media clipping
“Encerra-se hoje o Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – uma homenagem a Nina Rodrigues – Festa no Candomblé do Bate folha” [The end of the Afro-Brazilian Congress – homage to Nina Rodrigues – Feast at candomblé Bate Folha]. Estado da Bahia, anno V, 20.01.1937
media clipping
“Encerrou-se o 2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – a homenagem de ontem a Nina Rodrigues – Uma visita hoje ao Candomblé do Bate folha” [The end of the Afro-Brazilian Congress – Yesterday’s homage to Nina Rodrigues – A visit today at candomblé Bate Folha]. Estado da Bahia, anno V, 2i.01.1937
media clipping
“2º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro – o encerramento do brilhante certâmen – as resoluções votadas – Os congressistas no candomblé do Bate Folha” [II Afro-Brazilian Congress - the closing of the brilliant certamen - the resolutions voted - The congressmen in the Bate Folha candomblé]
letter
From Aydano do Couto Ferraz to Mario de Andrade regretting the small amout of money allocated by the São Paulo government for Guarnieri’s work and giving news about the collection of musical folkloric material. Typed after Reading from the original manuscript, because the copy wasn’t authorized. Ref. MA-C-CPL2741
photo
“Congressistas no II Congresso Afro-Brasileiro”. Unknown author. Acervo Histórico da Discoteca Oneyda Alvarenga. Fundo Discoteca Pública Municipal. Fotos de Mozart Camargo Guarnieri e Edison Carneiro, Salvador 1937. Ref.: 68.
photo
“Mesa que presidiu a sessão de abertura do II Congresso Afro-Brasileiro” [Board that presided the opening session of 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress], IHGB, Salvador, January 1937. Author unknown, but probably Camargo Guarnieri. From the left to thr right: [unknown], Edison Carneiro, Martiniano Bonfim, [unknown], Aydano do Couto Ferraz. Acervo Histórico da Discoteca Oneyda Alvarenga. Fundo Discoteca Pública Municipal. Fotos de Mozart Camargo Guarnieri e Edison Carneiro, Salvador 1937. Ref.: 45.
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Mário de Andrade asking for a text for the annals of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress; interest in knowing his opinion about the folkloric material collected by Camargo Guarnieri; desire to receive a copy of Macunaíma and magazines from the Department of Culture. [Manuscript]
letter
From Aydano do Couto Ferraz to Mário de Andrade, informing the receipt of a magazine with the program of the 1st Congress of the Sung National Language and Macunaíma, and the desire of Edison Carneiro to write about the book. Promising to send the special issue of the newspaper Estado da Bahia in honor of Castro Alves. [Manuscript]
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Arthur Ramos dealing with the publication of the works of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress that will be published by Civilização Brasileira; attached went a letter of Mário de Andrade, not available. [Typed]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos suggesting that he publish the "Proceedings of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress" by the Library of Scientific Disclosure, sends the index of the book "Negros Bantus", and inquiries about the possibility of publishing it. [Typed]
letter
Card from Olga Praguer Coelho, Francisco Mignone, Gaspar Coelho, José Fernandes, Eva Borja, Mesquita Sampaio to Mario De Andrade sending greetings from Berlin. Typed after Reading from the original manuscript, because the copy wasn’t authorized. Ref. MA-C-CPL6319
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos dealing with the publication of the "Annals of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress" and informs that he received an invitation from Mário de Andrade to participate in the Congresso de Língua Nacional Cantada. [Manuscript]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Mário de Andrade, informing Reception of "Macunaíma", giving Information about the Afro-Brazilian Congress and about his participation in the I Congresso da Língua Nacional Cantada. [Typed]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos communicating that he is committed to achieving religious freedom for blacks through the "African Council of Bahia", asks for his support for the cause and informs about the organization of an "Afro-Brazilian Institute". [Manuscript]
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Arthur Ramos dealing with the preface and the photographs, which would be with Edson Carneiro, for the Annals of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress. [Manuscript]
letter
From Mário de Andrade to Arthur Ramos thanking him for the book "Culturas Negras" (Black Cultures), he indicates on what he bases his work to identify samba or batuque with caxambu and jongo and talks about Afro-Brazilian dances. He says he will send his work after checking the documentation brought from Bahia by Guarnieri. [Manuscript]
letter
From Edison Carneiro to Arthur Ramos accusing him of receiving "Black Cultures in the New World" and asking for support for the "Union of Afro-Brazilian Sects in Bahia". [Manuscript]
photo
“Rum, Rumpi drums”, unknown place, on the left is Camargo Guarnieri and, on the right,, Aydano do Couto Ferraz (not confirmed). Photo by Edison Carneiro (not confirmed). Acervo Histórico da Discoteca Oneyda Alvarenga. Fundo Discoteca Pública Municipal. Fotos de Mozart Camargo Guarnieri e Edison Carneiro, Salvador 1937. Ref.: 42.
letter
From Francisco Mignone to Mario de Andrade commenting about difficulties in converting the money to German Marks, his boarding date towards Germany, mentioning the request made by Mario to the Staatliche Museum’s Phonogramm-archiv, and sending copies of musical scores. In addition: greetings from Liddi Chiafarelli (his wife). Typed after Reading from the original manuscript, because the copy wasn’t authorized. Ref. MA-C-CPL4797
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Arthur Ramos asking him to do the meeting and to be in charge himself of publishing an article about his book "The Negro in Brazil". [Manuscript]
letter
From Edison Carneiro and Aydano Couto Ferraz to Arthur Ramos informing that the "Union of the Glory of Professor Arthur Ramos" would be dissolved if the book "The Black in Brazil" was not published and the copyright of it paid. [Manuscript]
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Arthur Ramos commenting on the May 13th celebrations in Bahia [Manuscript]
letter
From Aydano Couto Ferraz to Arthur Ramos praising Edison Carneiro because of a misunderstanding between them (Edison and Arthur) [Manuscript]
letter
From Francisco Mignone to Mario de Andrade rendering accounts of the purchase of recordings in Germany, destinated to the São Paulo Archive; Maracatu de Chico Rei. Note of the archive to see the letter dated 30.03.1938, in which I did not find in the Archive. Typed after Reading from the original manuscript, because the copy wasn’t authorized. Ref. MA-C-CPL2006
letter
From Edison Carneiro Ferraz to Arthur Ramos referring the cliché to the book "O Negro no Brasil", inquiries about the proposal to include the book "A Saudade da África" in the Library of Scientific Disclosure and requests collaboration for the newspaper "Letras". [Manuscript]
letter
From Arthur Ramos to Aydano do Couto Ferraz introducing Ruth Landes and asking him to join Edison Carneiro in helping her research on candomblé]. [Manuscript]
letter
From Mario de Andrade to Oneyda Alvarenga about her concern about the change of leadership in the city hall (of São Paulo), informs that attached is a copy of the letter from (Marius) Schneider, asks that she can make the payment to him and take the opportunity to negotiate with Berlin a machine to reproduce phonograms. She also informs of her situation in Rio de Janeiro. [typed]
reference
Title page of “O Negro no Brasil” (proceedings of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress) signed by Edison Carneiro and dedicated to the IHGB and Dr. Conceição Menezes in fev. 1940, photo by Suelen Calonga from the original at IHGB in Feb 2020. And Index pages of “O Negro no Brasil” (proceedings of the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress), published in 1940, photo courtesy by Rafael Vitor B. Sousa took from the original copy at CCSP - Discoteca Oneyda Alvarenga.
text
ONEYDA ALVARENGA: “A influência negra na música brasileira” [The black influence on Brazilian music]. In: Boletín Latino Americano de Música, v 6, Apr. 1946.
text
ANGELA E. LÜHNING: “O compositor Mozart Camargo Guarnieri e o 2o Congresso Afro-Brasileiro em Salvador, 1937 (homenagem póstuma)” [The composer Mozart Camargo Guarnieri and the 2nd Afro-Brazilian Congress in Salvador, 1937 (posthumous homage)]. In: Ritmos em Trânsito: Sócio-Antropologia da Música Bahiana. 1988.
text
Artists covertly scan bust of Nefertiti and release the data for free online. Hyperallergic article. 19.02.2020.
text
The Nefertiti 3D scan heist is a hoax. Cosmo Wenman article. 16.03.2016.
text
Swiping priceless antiquity – with a scanner and a 3D printer. The New York Times article. 01.03.2016.
text
Watch the throne: why artist Thierry Oussou faked an archeological dig. The Guardian. 09.07.2018.
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Thierry Oussou: ‘I would like the discourse that I am developing in my work to educate people – to make them think differently’. Studio International interview. 08.08.2018.
text
Artist Thierry Oussou: If you take the king’s throne you take their place. Financial Times interview. 07.12.2018
reference
Conselho de Inspeção de Expedições Artísticas e Cientificas no Brasil [Brazilian Council of Artistic and Scientific Expeditions Inspection]. Entries related to Germany in the 1930's and 1940's. Astronomy and Related Sciencies Museum Archive. consulted in Sep 2020.
reference
Reference card that returns in the Ethnologishes Museum Berlin Online database from the search “Olga Praguer Coelho”.
text
Activists face trial after attempt to seize African artifact from Paris’ Quai Branly Museum as protest. ArtNews article. 15.06.2020.
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Five activists were arrested after trying to seize a 19th century artifact from Paris’ Quai Branly Museum and return it to Africa. Artnet News. 15.06.2020.
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Protestors seize African artefact from Paris’s Quai Braly museum in bid to ‘bring to Africa what was taken’. The Art Newspaper article. 15.06.2020.
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Activists try to remove African artifact from Paris Museum. Smithsonian Mag. 17.06.20
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Restrictions on African activist upheld after Paris protest. AP News. 24.06.2020.
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