精仿北马其顿护照,【telegram:十852 55367074】（whatsApp:+852 55367074）办理精仿北马其顿护照,购买精仿北马其顿护照,定制精仿北马其顿护照,出售精仿北马其顿护照,办理精仿北马其顿护照多少钱『真实办护照，可根据客户样本制版印刷』可加急 ,【telegram:+852 55367074】【WHATSApp:+852 55367074】『办理驾驶证、身份证id、居留证、各种证明，发货速度快。』 联系我们【飞机\whatsapp 同号:+852 55367074】精仿北马其顿护照,精仿北马其顿护照,精仿北马其顿护照 Original Shen Tong Studio Science and Technology Daily Collected in the topic #"deep pupil" series 35 items 鈼?Interviewed and written by Science and Technology Daily reporter Yu Huiyou 鈼?Planning by Lin Lijun 415,800 yuan!This is an infringement compensation received by Hunan Yuanchuang Super Rice Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yuanchuang Company).More than two years ago, Yuan Chuang Company discovered that the super rice variety it commissioned others to produce in Sanming City, Fujian Province had been infringed and misappropriated.When compensation and liability were "clearly separated", Yuan Chuang Company filed a lawsuit against Fujian Tianli Seed Industry Co., Ltd. and Anhui Quanyin Hi-Tech Seed Industry Co., Ltd., which were involved in the infringement.In the first instance, the defendant refused to accept the appeal, and the Supreme People's Court mediated the second instance... Finally, more than a year later, the lawsuit was ended with a total of 415,800 yuan in compensation and first-instance litigation fees."This is the first time we have sued for infringement." Yang Yasheng, chairman of Yuanchuang Company, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter with a rather helpless tone, and the reason was also very bitter: it was really unbearable to deal with all kinds of "fancy" infringements and various twists and turns in rights protection."To turn around the seed industry, we must rely on technological innovation. To enhance the power of technological innovation, it is imperative to strengthen intellectual property protection!" Ning Gaoning, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Sinochem Group, said at the just-concluded National Two Sessions, "We must strengthen the knowledge of the seed industry at the legal system level.Only by protecting intellectual property rights, strengthening law enforcement against illegal infringements, and creating an environment that encourages innovation and fair competition can we thoroughly improve the innovation and development ecology of my country's seed industry and promote the prosperity of the industry." Academician Yuan Longping observed the growth of low-cadmium rice in the experimental field in Hekou Town, Xiangtan, Hunan.Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Yuge Ning Gaoning鈥檚 words speak to the hearts of many breeders who are committed to original innovation."If imitative innovation and modified breeding are protected, everyone's enthusiasm for original innovation will be frustrated." said Deng Qiyun, director of the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice.1 Heartbroken!Original varieties encounter "fancy" copycats. From 2011 to 2019, according to incomplete statistics, we have invested about 1.4 billion yuan in scientific research funding for variety selection. So far, a series of high-quality, high-yielding and disease-resistant new hybrid rice varieties have been developed, such as Longliangyou. However, the current 78 text of the Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties (my country's current regulations on the protection of new plant varieties follow the 1978 Convention of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants)This) only protects varieties, but does not protect germplasm resources, innovative traits, and genetic products, and original achievements can easily be infringed.Companies invest a lot of manpower, financial resources, time, and energy in breeding research and development, and in the end, even our varieties have been "legally infringed" by others.In the long run, the company's R&D investment and R&D personnel's passion for innovation will be greatly reduced." said Yang Yuanzhu, vice president of Longping Hi-Tech and chief rice expert.Yang Yuanzhu, chief expert of Longping Hi-Tech Rice, reported to Academician Yuan Longping the progress in the breeding of new two-line hybrid early rice varieties.Longping Hi-Tech is a leading company in my country's seed industry and has made fruitful scientific research achievements. However, it has also become a "key target" of plagiarism and infringement.Yang Yuanzhu talked about "Xianglong 628S", a high-quality short-stemmed and lodging-resistant sterile line that the company spent more than ten years developing."We recommended it to participate in the two-line sterile line fertility identification test in Hunan Province. During the test, it was illegally improved by others. As a result, before our variety entered the market, other people's improved varieties came out, and they were still legal." Yang Yuanzhu couldn't laugh or cry about this.Yang Yuanzhu, chief rice expert of Longping Hi-tech, led team members to select and breed new high-quality rice varieties at the Lingshui Southern Propagation Base in Hainan.This is not an isolated case.The reporter learned that infringement in my country's seed industry is relatively serious, and the infringement methods are also very "fancy": some directly use other people's popular varieties to replace their own varieties or the names of reviewed varieties; some use unreviewed varieties to put the approval number; some varieties are still in the process of review, or are about to embark on rational and standardized promotion, and find that the resources have been stolen and turned into "new products""These behaviors not only affect the innovation and research and development power of experts, but are also extremely detrimental to the industrial development of the seed industry and orderly competition in the market. They will also affect the implementation of the national strategy of developing the modern seed industry and the accurate transformation of seed industry results," said Ye Yuanlin, chairman of Guangdong Xianmei Seed Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Xianmei Company).He also talked about a strange phenomenon in the market: usually, various formal and routine inspections and samplings are mainly targeted at relatively standardized companies.Some small-scale enterprises are easily missed, which indirectly leads to the intensification of infringement."Speaking of it, our country organizes variety approval in various ways. There are many new varieties approved every year, but how many of them are truly original?" Ye Yuanlin asked rhetorically.2 Sad!Copycat infringement "justifiable" Xianmei Company and the Rice Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences jointly launched a new high-quality indica rice product from Guangdong - Silk Miao Rice "19 Xiang".But just when they completed the test last year and passed the review, they discovered that various "relatives" of "19 Xiang" appeared on the market in neighboring provinces. There was even an infringing unit that not only refused to admit the infringement, but also planned to "beat them up."Experts such as Hu Peisong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the China Rice Research Institute, are observing the fine varieties of silk rice."Formally listed or regulated companies usually have strong original technologies, but this increases their probability of being infringed. They are a 'vulnerable group' in another sense." Ye Yuanlin said with a wry smile.Why is it difficult to stop infringement in the seed industry?During the investigation, reporters from Science and Technology Daily found that experts generally believe that the legal text reference for intellectual property protection in my country's seed industry is too low.Chen Hong, director of the New Plant Variety Testing Department of the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that on April 23, 1999, the Chinese government joined the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and followed the 1978 text of the UPOV Convention.Due to the lack of a substantive derived variety system and insufficient protection of original breeding innovations, imitative and modified breeding behaviors are rampant."To a certain extent, it has indeed dampened the enthusiasm of scientific researchers for original innovation and the enthusiasm of enterprises for R&D investment. There is even a saying in the industry that 'whoever engages in original innovation will be taken advantage of.'" Chen Hong, director of the Plant New Variety Testing Division of the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, observed the traits of new corn varieties in the field.Taking the Y58S parent, a major original achievement of Deng Qiyun's team, as an example, others only need to slightly modify some non-main traits of Y58S, or use it as a parent to breed new varieties. These "derivative varieties" are within the legal scope of the 78 text, just like the original innovative varieties.But how difficult is original innovation?Still taking Y58S as an example, Deng Qiyun said that he began to engage in hybridization work in 1989. This scientific research result was not genetically stable until 2001, and was approved in 2005, which took 16 years.And this is under the premise that his scientific research is progressing smoothly.However, only three or four years is enough to carry out "derivative" transformation of Y58S.Researcher Deng Qiyun, director of the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, observed the growth of rice at the Y Liangyou 900,000kg research demonstration site in Xupu County, Hunan Province."It took breeders more than ten or even twenty years to develop original varieties that are 'legally infringed,' which can easily dampen original innovation enthusiasm." Wu Jun, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, said with concern."In the past five years, our average annual R&D investment has accounted for about 15% of our main business. With large R&D investment, our own results have not had time to realize profits in the market, and other people's imitation varieties have entered the market first. This is a huge blow to companies committed to original innovation." Yang Yasheng said."The scientific research cycle in the breeding industry is long and the risks are high. Research is difficult, but the results are stolen easily. The seed industry is like an 'open-air factory'. Except for auxiliary work that can be done in the laboratory, the selected varieties must ultimately be in the fields. The protection of intellectual property rights in the seed industry is much more difficult than in the industrial field. It requires the state to protect it with force and use rigid legal constraints to force derivative varieties to cite original varieties and give necessary recognition and benefit returns." said Yuan Guobao, chairman of the Hubei Technology Market Association.Yuan Guobao, chairman of the Hubei Provincial Technology Market Association, and others discussed the super species and disruptive innovation of "eggplant rootstock" grafted tomatoes. "my country's rice breeding technology leads the world, and there is no 'stuck neck' problem.However, if original innovation results are always plagiarized, it will choke the original innovation passion of scientific researchers.Over time, the problems of too many varieties and a weak seed industry have become difficult to solve.We must establish a 鈥榥ational consciousness鈥?to protect intellectual property rights.Protecting intellectual property rights means protecting innovation and protecting social and public interests." Deng Qiyun said. 3 It's hard work! Original rights protection makes people "too tired". In our country's seed industry, while infringement is easy, rights protection is also difficult. "In recent years, we have been frequently infringed.Last year in Hainan and Fujian, many companies producing our high-quality varieties were arrested.But the embarrassing thing is that it is too difficult to defend rights."Yang Yuanzhu said. Chang Jianghua, the risk control and legal department of Longping Hi-Tech, introduced that the rights protection of seed industry infringements has difficulties such as difficulty in investigation, difficulty in obtaining evidence, difficulty in claiming compensation, and high cost of rights protection. "Variety infringement breeding activities are concealed, and the sales of infringing varieties are also concealed. Agricultural law enforcement departments will not easily initiate investigation procedures and take measures without a clear test report.If a claim is made, the amount of compensation usually awarded after litigation is small, and in most cases it is not enough to offset the cost of rights protection.Even if a judgment is made in some cases, if the infringer lacks the ability to perform, the civil compensation judgment will not be enforceable."Academician Yuan Longping guided young scientific researchers to detect pollen fertility. This is why Yuan Chuang's company has been repeatedly infringed, but rarely appeals. During the investigation, the reporter also learned that the existing infringement cases that have been discovered are far lower than those that have not been discovered. "Most infringements are discovered through 'accidental encounters'."Deng Qiyun said. "Our country has established a punitive compensation mechanism, but according to the Seed Law and New Variety Protection Regulations, compensation for infringement is only 1-3 times.We believe that the actual infringements discovered are far lower than those that actually occurred.Therefore, if any infringers are discovered, they must be severely punished, and they must be announced to the public in a timely manner to make the infringers pay a heavy price." Chen Hong said. Chen Hong, director of the Plant New Variety Testing Department of the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Li Xiaonan, a farmer breeder, discussed the direction of colored rapeseed breeding. In addition, Chen Hong said that the existing new variety protection system has too narrow protection scope, which is also one of the reasons for the difficulty in safeguarding rights. According to the Seed Law and the New Variety Protection Regulations, the production and sale of propagation materials of authorized varieties without the permission of the right holder, and the reuse of propagation materials of another variety are defined as infringements. ProductionProduced in seed bases and sold at market terminals.In addition to these two links, there are a large number of links that are prone to rights protection and law enforcement, such as the storage, transportation, processing, import and export of seeds, and the use of authorized varieties to produce harvest materials and directly processed products, etc., which are not included in the scope of infringement, resulting in unblocked channels for rights protection and law enforcement."Conventional wheat, japonica rice, and soybeans placed in the warehouse can be used as seeds or grains. Are they propagation materials or harvest materials?It is not easy to define based on existing laws and regulations.But these must be made clear."Chen Hong said. Rights protection is difficult, and it also involves market law enforcement and guarantee issues at the execution level. There are two ways of law enforcement for new variety protection in my country: administrative law enforcement and judicial protection. Administrative law enforcement is mainly implemented by administrative departments. But in recent years, the administrative law enforcement of seeds has been relatively weakened in the process of institutional reform. For example, according to the Seed Law, above the county levelThe agricultural administrative department can carry out administrative enforcement of variety rights.However, the current problem is that many county-level law enforcement departments do not know much about the protection of new varieties.Chen Hong once served as a deputy county magistrate in a county in Qinghai Province, but he has investigated this county and several surrounding counties and generally does not know much about the protection of new varieties.鈥淚n this case, how can rights holders protect their rights after their rights are infringed?This also shows that the implementation effect of the Seed Law on the administrative enforcement of variety rights has been changed from "administrative departments at or above the provincial level" to "administrative departments at or above the county level"."Chen Hong said. He believes that the Supreme Court has established an intellectual property court, and cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have established intellectual property courts. Judicially, they have centralized jurisdiction over cases of variety rights infringement and increased investigation and punishment. This is an effective practice that is worthy of learning and reference by administrative law enforcement departments. 4 Speak out! Increase the protection of intellectual property rights in the seed industry. "From a national level, we call for and support the introduction of the 91 text on the protection of new plant varieties.To encourage originality, we must first respect originality, use laws and regulations to standardize incentive policies and systems for intellectual property sharing, and encourage scientific researchers to concentrate on research and fundamentally solve problems." said Tang Wenbang, dean of the College of Agriculture of Hunan Agricultural University. Tang Wenbang, dean of the College of Agriculture of Hunan Agricultural University, and Chen Wenfu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, discussed the breeding of hybrid rice varieties suitable for mechanized seed production. This is almost the common voice of breeding experts and seed industry enterprises who are committed to original innovation. At present, the national major scientific research joint effort on improved rice varieties35 units of the relevant group have signed an agreement to take the lead in piloting the substantially derived variety (EDV) system.The reporter learned that the most important difference between the 91 text and the current 78 text is that in the 91 text, imitation and modification of other people鈥檚 original works can be carried out as long as the main traits are consistent with the original variety.If a variety is identified as a "substantial derivative", it can apply for variety rights, but it cannot be commercially developed without authorization from the owner of the original variety right.In this way, varieties with "minor modifications" can no longer legally and openly infringe original innovative varieties.Compared with the opinions of experts calling for the introduction of the 91 text, Beijing Kaiyue Law Firm.Liang Shunwei, a lawyer who has been engaged in litigation and non-litigation activities for the protection of new plant varieties for 18 years, believes that the 78 Text has room for improvement.鈥淚n the protection of new plant variety rights, I think the focus should be on 鈥榖ringing into play the functions of agricultural administrative law enforcement departments in the innovative protection of new plant varieties.鈥?This is also a flaw in my country鈥檚 current legal system."Liang Shunwei said. He introduced that the current new plant variety protection system, whether it is the Seed Law or the New Plant Variety Protection Regulations, requires administrative law enforcement departments to "only when new plant varieties harm the interests of the public, the administrative law enforcement departments can make administrative penalties." Otherwise, mediation can only be based on the application of the right holder or the application of interests. Therefore, in terms of the protection of new plant varieties, the administrative law enforcement department basically does not have much active action.Image source: Vision Many administrative departments in China believe that seed industry infringement does not harm the public interest, but only infringes on the private rights of the right holder.Therefore, the rights holder basically uses "civil protection" to find evidence to go to court, or plays the role of "whistleblower" in rights protection.However, in Liang Shunwei's view, infringement of original seed industry achievements not only damages the "private rights" of the right holder, but also affects the enthusiasm for innovation.This seems to only affect the rights holders, but in fact, from a social effect, it damages the interests of the industry and the country.Our country鈥檚 administrative law enforcement system is complete.Especially after the reform, comprehensive agricultural law enforcement departments have been formed in various places, including at the county and city levels.If they are given administrative powers over the protection of new varieties, law enforcement will be much stronger.Liang Shunwei said. He suggested that the existing 78 text should increase law enforcement and judicial efforts, and by conferring administrative powers, further encourage administrative departments to take active actions in protecting new plant varieties, and form an administrative protection system for new plant varieties with Chinese characteristics. Combined with judicial protection and the self-protection of rights holders, this problem should be better solved. "We call on the agricultural authorities to increase support for seed companies in their efforts to safeguard their rights and crack down on counterfeiting, and to provide financial support to seed companies in terms of rights protection costs for successful rights protection cases."Jiang Hua said. At the same time, he also called on the agricultural law enforcement departments to strengthen the staffing of front-line law enforcement teams and improve their professional business level and law enforcement capabilities. "Of course, seed companies must also assume the main responsibility of protecting their own legal variety rights, enhance awareness of intellectual property protection, and strengthen variety rights protection, including strengthening variety intellectual property management, forming rights protection and anti-counterfeiting teams, etc."Reporter observes: Don't let "legal piracy" "steal" the seed industry's original innovation passion Long YuemeiYu Huiyou鈥檚 No. 1 Central Document in 2021 clearly stated 鈥渟trengthening the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of breeding.鈥漈his important deployment has attracted widespread attention in society, especially in the seed industry.In order to secure our own jobs, the central government has timely deployed a turnaround in the seed industry and adopted multiple measures to safeguard food security.Seeds are the foundation of agricultural modernization."Picture" cannot be overemphasized for the seed industry. In order to turn around the seed industry, the entire chain and every link of the seed industry, including germplasm resource protection, breeding scientific research, and seed industry market management, are very important. But the key and foundation is the original innovation of the seed industry. Why should we emphasize original innovation? Because the scientific research cycle of the breeding industry is long and the risks are relatively high. Original innovation is difficult, but plagiarism is easy. China now has more than 7,200 certified seed industry companies, and not many truly have original innovation capabilities. There areSome seed industry companies treat improved varieties that have not yet been released on the market, or have slightly changed their characteristics, and promote them as new varieties.To a certain extent, these behaviors have led to the phenomenon of mixed products and fake ones in the seed industry.There is a real example in the seed industry market: a high-quality male sterile line of rice developed by a leading company in the seed industry for more than ten years was stolen and used for illegal hybrid improvement. As a result, the varieties bred by the original breeding experts have not yet entered the market, and the pirates launched them.Non-substantively improved varieties have seized the market for original achievements.This is not an isolated case. Take rice breeding as an example. The commercial value of original innovation that takes more than ten years is almost the same as that of stolen original innovation that only takes three or four years, and are protected by laws and regulations.Therefore, many seed companies sell seeds under the labels of other companies.A variety launched by a certain company is sold in the market at the same time.The harm caused by such "legal piracy" is very serious.From the corporate level, companies invest a lot of manpower, financial resources, and time in breeding research and development. In the end, the new varieties have been legally infringed by others before they are launched on the market.In the long run, the passion for corporate investment in research and development and the innovation passion of R&D personnel will be greatly reduced.From the national level, these "legal piracy" affect the source of innovation and research and development in the industry, and are extremely detrimental to the industrial development of the seed industry and orderly competition in the market..The continued spread of this phenomenon throughout the industry will fundamentally shake the foundation of the development of the seed industry, affect the development of the country's modern seed industry, and become a fetter for the "turnaround of the seed industry".If everyone is doing copycats, where will the original results come from.Where to start?To fight for the turnaround of the seed industry, we must eliminate these "blockers" on the road to innovation, remove these seemingly legal "cloning sheep", and avoid the occurrence of "bad money driving out good money" and let original innovationIn this regard, relevant departments must strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of breeding, comprehensively use legal, administrative, economic, technical, social governance and other means to improve the protection system from review and authorization, administrative enforcement, judicial protection, arbitration and mediation, industry self-discipline, citizen integrity, etc., strengthen coordination, build a large-scale protection work pattern, and effectively prevent and severely crack down on intellectual property infringement in the field of seed industry.After these years of unremitting efforts, my country's agricultural science and technology workGreat achievements have been made.Nowadays, the world's seed industry is ushering in a modern biological breeding technological revolution marked by the integrated development of gene editing, synthetic biology, artificial intelligence and other technologies. We must seize the opportunity to crack down on intellectual property infringement in the field of seed industry, protect the original innovation passion of innovative subjects, and seize the opportunity to cultivate excellent varieties with independent intellectual property rights to make our jobs more stable and secure.Unless otherwise noted, the pictures in the article are provided by the author of Science and Technology Daily? Shen Tong Studio 翘友坪雅晨湛古簿送沙缺姿砂心关