4. Three-dimensionalization via control of laser-structuring parameters for high energy and high power lithium-ion battery under various operating conditions

다양한 동작 조건에서 고에너지 및 고출력 리튬이온전지를 위한 레이저 구조화 매개변수 제어 기반 3차원화

                                                               https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095495621002138

Junsu Park a, Hyeongi Song b, Inseok Jang c, Jaepil Lee c, Jeongwook Um c, Seong-guk Bae c, Jihun Kim b, Sungho Jeong c, Hyeong-Jin Kim b 

a Ground Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea

b Graduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea

c School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea

Laser-structuring is an effective method to promote ion diffusion and improve the performance of lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes. In this work, the effects of laser structuring parameters (groove pitch and depth) on the fundamental characteristics of LIB electrode, such as interfacial area, internal resistances, material loss and electrochemical performance, are investigated. LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes were structured by a femtosecond laser by varying groove depth and pitch, which resulted in a material loss of 5%–14% and an increase of 140%–260% in the interfacial area between electrode surface and electrolyte. It is shown that the importance of groove depth and pitch on the electrochemical performance (specific capacity and areal discharge capacity) of laser-structured electrode varies with current rates. Groove pitch is more important at low current rate but groove depth is at high current rate. From the mapping of lithium concentration within the electrodes of varying groove depth and pitch by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, it is verified that the groove functions as a diffusion path for lithium ions. The ionic, electronic, and charge transfer resistances measured with symmetric and half cells showed that these internal resistances are differently affected by laser structuring parameters and the changes in porosity, ionic diffusion and electronic pathways. It is demonstrated that the laser structuring parameters for maximum electrode performance and minimum capacity loss should be determined in consideration of the main operating conditions of LIBs. 

3. Laser-Constructing 3D Copper Collector with  Crystalline Orientation Selectivity for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries 

안정적인 리튬 금속 전지를 위한 결정 방향 선택적 3차원 구리 전류 수집기의 레이저 기반 제작

                                                               https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12768

Hui Li, Gang Wang, Jin Hu, Jun Li, Jiaxu Huang, and Shaolin Xu*

To suppress the formation of lithium dendrites—one of the core challenges in lithium metal batteries (LMBs)—and to ensure stable battery performance, this study proposes a selectively lithiophilic three-dimensional copper (3D Cu) current collector fabricated through a combination of laser structuring and heat treatment. After forming microstructures via laser processing, heat treatment at 600 °C is employed to promote a dominant Cu(100) crystalline orientation within the grooves of the current collector, thereby inducing uniform lithium deposition inside the structure. This approach effectively suppresses dendrite growth and minimizes the formation of “dead Li,” while simultaneously enhancing electrode–electrolyte interfacial stability and ion transport efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the half-cell employing this current collector maintains a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.42% over 350 cycles, while the symmetric cell operates stably for over 1600 hours. Furthermore, in a full cell paired with an LFP cathode, 92.39% capacity retention is achieved after 400 cycles. This study confirms that selective lithiophilic design based on crystallographic orientation control is an effective strategy to enhance LMB performance and offers a novel processing route for the development of highly stable lithium metal batteries. 

2. Ultra-High Proportion of Grain Boundaries in Zinc Metal Anode Spontaneously Inhibiting Dendrites Growth 

아연 금속 음극에서 초고 비율의 결정립계가 덴드라이트 성장을 자발적으로 억제

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ange.202406292

Sitian Lian, Zhijun Cai, Prof. Mengyu Yan, Prof. Congli Sun, Nianyao Chai, Bomian Zhang, Kesong Yu, Ming Xu, Dr. Jiexin Zhu, Dr. Xuelei Pan, Dr. Yuhang Dai, Jiazhao Huang, Bo Mai, Ling Qin, Wenchao Shi, Qiqi Xin, Xiangyu Chen, Dr. Kai Fu, Prof. Qinyou An, Dr. Qiang Yu, Prof. Liang Zhou, Dr. Wen Luo, Dr. Kangning Zhao, Prof. Xuewen Wang, Prof. Liqiang Mai 

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries are an attractive electrochemical energy storage solution for their budget and safe properties. However, dendrites and uncontrolled side reactions in anodes detract the cycle life and energy density of the batteries. Grain boundaries in metals are generally considered as the source of the above problems but we present a diverse result. This study introduces an ultra-high proportion of grain boundaries on zinc electrodes through femtosecond laser bombardment to enhance stability of zinc metal/electrolyte interface. The ultra-high proportion of grain boundaries promotes the homogenization of zinc growth potential, to achieve uniform nucleation and growth, thereby suppressing dendrite formation. Additionally, the abundant active sites mitigate the side reactions during the electrochemical process. Consequently, the 15 μm Fs−Zn||MnO2 pouch cell achieves an energy density of 249.4 Wh kg−1 and operates for over 60 cycles at a depth-of-discharge of 23 %. The recognition of the favorable influence exerted by UP-GBs paves a new way for other metal batteries. 

1. Review of the structure and performance of through-holed anodes and cathodes prepared with a picosecond pulsed laser for lithium-ion batteries

피코초 펄스 레이저로 제조된 리튬 이온 전지용 관통형 양극 및 음극의 구조 및 성능 검토

                                                                                                                   https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2631-7990/aca1f0/meta                   

Futoshi Matsumoto5,1, Mitsuru Yamada1, Masaya Tsuta2, Susumu Nakamura2, Nobuo Ando3 and Naohiko Soma4 

1 Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan 

2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-8532, Japan 

3 Research Institute for Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan 

4 Wired Co., Ltd, 1628 Hitotsuyashiki Shinden, Sanjo, Niigata 959-1152, Japa 

To move the performance of lithium-ion batteries into the next stage, the modification of the structure of cells is the only choice except for the development of materials exhibiting higher performance. In this review paper, the employment of through-holing structures of anodes and cathodes prepared with a picosecond pulsed laser has been proposed. The laser system and the structure for improving the battery performance were introduced. The performance of laminated cells constructed with through-holed anodes and cathodes was reviewed from the viewpoints of the improvement of high-rate performance and energy density, removal of unbalanced capacities on both sides of the current collector, even greater high-rate performance by hybridizing cathode materials and removal of irreversible capacity. In conclusion, the points that should be examined and the problem for the through-holed structure to be in practical use are summarized.