7.  Nanosecond laser lithography enables concave-convex zinc metal battery

anodes with ultrahigh areal capacity

나노초 레이저 리소그래피를 통해 구현한 초고 면적 용량의 요철 구조 아연 메탈 음극

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405829722003701

Zechuan Huang a, Haoyang Li b, Zhen Yang b,*, Haozhi Wang a, Jingnan Ding a, Luyao Xu c, Yanling Tian d, David Mitlin e,*, Jia Ding a,*, Wenbin Hu a

Laser processing is employed to fabricated zinc-ion battery (ZIB) anodes with state-of-the-art electrochemical performance from commercial zinc foils. Lasers are widely utilized for industrial surface finishing but have received minimal attention for zinc surface modification. Laser lithography patterned zinc foils “LLP@ZF” are hydrophilic, with an electrolyte contact angle of 0°. This is due to the concave-convex surface geometry that enhances wetting (periodic crests, ridges and valleys, roughness 16.5 times planar). During electrodeposition LLP@ZF's surface geometry generates a periodic electric field and associated current density distribution that suppresses tip growth (per continuum simulations). Per Density Functional Theory (DFT) its surface oxide is zincophilic, resulting in low nucleation barriers during plating (e.g. 3.8 mV at 1 mA cm−2). A combination of these attributes leads to stable dendrite-free plating/stripping behavior and low overpotentials at fast charge (e.g. 48.2 mV at 8 mA cm−2 in symmetric cell). Cycling is possible at an unprecedented areal capacity of 50 mA h cm−2, with 400 h stability at 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, exceptional aqueous zinc battery (AZB) performance is achieved, with MnO2-based cathode loading 10 mg cm−2 and corresponding anode capacity 7.6 mA h cm−2. A broad comparison with literature indicates that LLP@ZF symmetric cell and full battery performance are among most favorable. 

6. Dendrite-free Zn anode with dual channel 3D porous frameworks for

rechargeable Zn batteries

아연 이차 전지를 위한 이중 채널 3차원 다공성 골격을 갖는 덴드라이트 없는 아연 음극

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405829720301665

Wenbin Guo a,b, Zifeng Cong a,b, Zihao Guo a,b, Caiyun Chang a,c, Xiaoqiang Liang a,b, Yadi Liu a, Weiguo Hu a,b,c,**, Xiong Pu

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries are highly promising for grid-scale energy storage due to the high safety and low cost; whereas, they also suffer from the limited reversibility and dendrite growth of metallic Zn electrode during plating/stripping processes. In this work, we develop a 3D nanoporous Zn anode for dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping with significantly suppressed undesirable side reactions. The continuously connected dual-channels for electron/ion transfers and improved effective solid-electrolyte interfaces also endow the anode with promoted fast kinetics. These merits are confirmed by the significantly elongated plating/stripping cycles (1400 ​h under 0.1 ​mAh cm−2 and 200 ​h under 10 ​mAh cm−2) and lowered overpotentials in symmetric cells. Our strategy, comparing with bulk Zn foil anode, also brings largely improved performances to Zn–V2O5 cells using V2O5 cathode, with achieved high energy density 333.8 ​Wh kg−1, power density 3762.4 ​W ​kg−1, and stable cycling for 500 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of our approach to addressing the reversibility and dendrite issues of rechargeable metal electrodes. 

5.  Materials chemistry for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries: fundamentals, recent progress and perspectives

재충전형 아연 이온 전지용 재료화학: 기초, 최근 연구 동향, 그리고 전망 

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/cs/c9cs00349e/unauth

Yanan Liu, Ye Ding, Zeping Liu, Xingchen Li, Sichao Tian, Lishuang Fan, Jichang Xie, Liangliang Xu, Jinwoo Lee, Jian Li & Lijun Yang

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for large scale energy storage and portable electronic applications due to their low cost, material abundance, high safety, acceptable energy density and environmental friendliness. This tutorial review presents an introduction to the fundamentals, challenges, recent advances and prospects related to ZIBs. Firstly, the intrinsic chemical properties, challenges and strategies of metallic zinc anodes are underscored. Then, the multiple types of cathode materials are classified and comparatively discussed in terms of their structural and electrochemical properties, issues and remedies. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understanding and structural transformation of cathode materials based on Zn ion-(de)intercalation chemistry. After that, the widely investigated electrolytes are elaborated by discussing their effect on Zn plating/stripping behaviours, reaction kinetics, electrode/electrolyte interface chemistries, and cell performances. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are outlined for the development of ZIBs.  

4. Three-dimensionalization via control of laser-structuring parameters for high energy and high power lithium-ion battery under various operating conditions

다양한 동작 조건에서 고에너지 및 고출력 리튬이온전지를 위한 레이저 구조화 매개변수 제어 기반 3차원화

                                                               https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095495621002138

Junsu Park a, Hyeongi Song b, Inseok Jang c, Jaepil Lee c, Jeongwook Um c, Seong-guk Bae c, Jihun Kim b, Sungho Jeong c, Hyeong-Jin Kim b 

a Ground Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea

b Graduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea

c School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea

Laser-structuring is an effective method to promote ion diffusion and improve the performance of lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes. In this work, the effects of laser structuring parameters (groove pitch and depth) on the fundamental characteristics of LIB electrode, such as interfacial area, internal resistances, material loss and electrochemical performance, are investigated. LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes were structured by a femtosecond laser by varying groove depth and pitch, which resulted in a material loss of 5%–14% and an increase of 140%–260% in the interfacial area between electrode surface and electrolyte. It is shown that the importance of groove depth and pitch on the electrochemical performance (specific capacity and areal discharge capacity) of laser-structured electrode varies with current rates. Groove pitch is more important at low current rate but groove depth is at high current rate. From the mapping of lithium concentration within the electrodes of varying groove depth and pitch by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, it is verified that the groove functions as a diffusion path for lithium ions. The ionic, electronic, and charge transfer resistances measured with symmetric and half cells showed that these internal resistances are differently affected by laser structuring parameters and the changes in porosity, ionic diffusion and electronic pathways. It is demonstrated that the laser structuring parameters for maximum electrode performance and minimum capacity loss should be determined in consideration of the main operating conditions of LIBs. 

3. Laser-Constructing 3D Copper Collector with  Crystalline Orientation Selectivity for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries 

안정적인 리튬 금속 전지를 위한 결정 방향 선택적 3차원 구리 전류 수집기의 레이저 기반 제작

                                                               https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12768

Hui Li, Gang Wang, Jin Hu, Jun Li, Jiaxu Huang, and Shaolin Xu*

To suppress the formation of lithium dendrites—one of the core challenges in lithium metal batteries (LMBs)—and to ensure stable battery performance, this study proposes a selectively lithiophilic three-dimensional copper (3D Cu) current collector fabricated through a combination of laser structuring and heat treatment. After forming microstructures via laser processing, heat treatment at 600 °C is employed to promote a dominant Cu(100) crystalline orientation within the grooves of the current collector, thereby inducing uniform lithium deposition inside the structure. This approach effectively suppresses dendrite growth and minimizes the formation of “dead Li,” while simultaneously enhancing electrode–electrolyte interfacial stability and ion transport efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the half-cell employing this current collector maintains a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.42% over 350 cycles, while the symmetric cell operates stably for over 1600 hours. Furthermore, in a full cell paired with an LFP cathode, 92.39% capacity retention is achieved after 400 cycles. This study confirms that selective lithiophilic design based on crystallographic orientation control is an effective strategy to enhance LMB performance and offers a novel processing route for the development of highly stable lithium metal batteries. 

2. Ultra-High Proportion of Grain Boundaries in Zinc Metal Anode Spontaneously Inhibiting Dendrites Growth 

아연 금속 음극에서 초고 비율의 결정립계가 덴드라이트 성장을 자발적으로 억제

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ange.202406292

Sitian Lian, Zhijun Cai, Prof. Mengyu Yan, Prof. Congli Sun, Nianyao Chai, Bomian Zhang, Kesong Yu, Ming Xu, Dr. Jiexin Zhu, Dr. Xuelei Pan, Dr. Yuhang Dai, Jiazhao Huang, Bo Mai, Ling Qin, Wenchao Shi, Qiqi Xin, Xiangyu Chen, Dr. Kai Fu, Prof. Qinyou An, Dr. Qiang Yu, Prof. Liang Zhou, Dr. Wen Luo, Dr. Kangning Zhao, Prof. Xuewen Wang, Prof. Liqiang Mai 

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries are an attractive electrochemical energy storage solution for their budget and safe properties. However, dendrites and uncontrolled side reactions in anodes detract the cycle life and energy density of the batteries. Grain boundaries in metals are generally considered as the source of the above problems but we present a diverse result. This study introduces an ultra-high proportion of grain boundaries on zinc electrodes through femtosecond laser bombardment to enhance stability of zinc metal/electrolyte interface. The ultra-high proportion of grain boundaries promotes the homogenization of zinc growth potential, to achieve uniform nucleation and growth, thereby suppressing dendrite formation. Additionally, the abundant active sites mitigate the side reactions during the electrochemical process. Consequently, the 15 μm Fs−Zn||MnO2 pouch cell achieves an energy density of 249.4 Wh kg−1 and operates for over 60 cycles at a depth-of-discharge of 23 %. The recognition of the favorable influence exerted by UP-GBs paves a new way for other metal batteries. 

1. Review of the structure and performance of through-holed anodes and cathodes prepared with a picosecond pulsed laser for lithium-ion batteries

피코초 펄스 레이저로 제조된 리튬 이온 전지용 관통형 양극 및 음극의 구조 및 성능 검토

                                                                                                                   https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2631-7990/aca1f0/meta                   

Futoshi Matsumoto5,1, Mitsuru Yamada1, Masaya Tsuta2, Susumu Nakamura2, Nobuo Ando3 and Naohiko Soma4 

1 Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan 

2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-8532, Japan 

3 Research Institute for Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan 

4 Wired Co., Ltd, 1628 Hitotsuyashiki Shinden, Sanjo, Niigata 959-1152, Japa 

To move the performance of lithium-ion batteries into the next stage, the modification of the structure of cells is the only choice except for the development of materials exhibiting higher performance. In this review paper, the employment of through-holing structures of anodes and cathodes prepared with a picosecond pulsed laser has been proposed. The laser system and the structure for improving the battery performance were introduced. The performance of laminated cells constructed with through-holed anodes and cathodes was reviewed from the viewpoints of the improvement of high-rate performance and energy density, removal of unbalanced capacities on both sides of the current collector, even greater high-rate performance by hybridizing cathode materials and removal of irreversible capacity. In conclusion, the points that should be examined and the problem for the through-holed structure to be in practical use are summarized.