A smart card is a physical card that has an embedded integrated chip that acts as a security token. Smart cards are typically the same size as a driver's license or credit card and can be made out of metal or plastic. They connect to a reader either by direct physical contact -- also known as chip and dip -- or through a short-range wireless connectivity standard such as radio-frequency identification (RFID) or near-field communication.

The chip on a smart card can be either a microcontroller or an embedded memory chip. Smart cards are designed to be tamper-resistant and use encryption to provide protection for in-memory information. Cards with microcontroller chips can perform on-card processing functions and manipulate information in the chip's memory.


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Smart cards are used for a variety of applications but are most commonly used as credit cards and other payment cards. The payment card industry's support of smart cards for the Europay, Mastercard and Visa (EMV) card standard has driven the distribution of smart cards. Smart cards capable of short-range wireless connectivity can be used for contactless payment systems. They can also be used as tokens for multifactor authentication (MFA).

International standards and specifications cover smart card technology. Some of those standards and specs are industry-specific applications. In the United States, smart card technology conforms to international standards -- International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission 7816 and ISO/IEC 14443 -- backed by the Secure Technology Alliance.

The first mass use of smart cards was Tlcarte, a telephone card for payment in French pay phones, launched in 1983. Smart cards are now ubiquitous and have largely replaced magnetic stripe -- also known as mag stripe -- card technology, which only has a capacity of 300 bytes of nonrewriteable memory and no processing capability.

Smart card microprocessors or memory chips exchange data with card readers and other systems over a serial interface. The smart card itself is powered by an external source, usually the smart card reader.

Smart cards communicate with readers via direct physical contact or using RFID or another short-range wireless connectivity standard. The chip or processor on the card contains data that the card reader accesses. The processor on the card contains a basic operating system (OS) that lets the card hold, transmit and protect the data.

Smart cards, such as debit cards, are often used with a personal identification number (PIN). Organizations also use them for security purposes, as MFA tokens and for authenticating single sign-on (SSO) users and enabling passwordless authentication.

Smart cards are ubiquitous in the payment card industry, and they are widely used for business applications. They are likely to become a common alternative to passwords for authentication. It is also likely that the standard, wallet-sized smart card will be replaced with a smaller alternative.

As the financial industry changes, so will smart card uses and applications. As blockchain technology gains traction, smart cards are beginning to be used as wallets and payment cards for cryptocurrencies.

Security is a key benefit of smart cards. The technology makes it difficult to take personal credentials directly from the physical card. Unfortunately, cybercriminals have myriad ways of attaining this information. Learn how cybercriminals steal credit card information in the age of smart cards.

We have a 7830 WorkCentre that is failing to print and displaying an error (on the PC) "A smart card service is required to print." This occurs in Word, Adobe, etc. and doesn't appear to be program specific. I re-installed the driver yesterday (They had PS but I switched to PCL-6), and everything began working fine until today when we are getting the same error. Accounting is not enabled on the device at all, nor does it even appear to be an option in the Advanced properties setting of the driver (nor would it have been enabled), so I'm at a loss for why we are getting this error.

A smart card (SC), chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card) is a physical electronic authentication device, used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit card-sized card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) chip.[1] Many smart cards include a pattern of metal contacts to electrically connect to the internal chip. Others are contactless, and some are both. Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing.[2] Applications include identification, financial, public transit, computer security, schools, and healthcare. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within organizations. Numerous nations have deployed smart cards throughout their populations.

The universal integrated circuit card (UICC) for mobile phones, installed as pluggable SIM card or embedded eSIM, is also a type of smart card. As of 2015[update], 10.5 billion smart card IC chips are manufactured annually, including 5.44 billion SIM card IC chips.[3]

The basis for the smart card is the silicon integrated circuit (IC) chip.[4] It was invented by Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959. The invention of the silicon integrated circuit led to the idea of incorporating it onto a plastic card in the late 1960s.[4]

The idea of incorporating an integrated circuit chip onto a plastic card was first introduced by the German engineer Helmut Grttrup. In February 1967, Grttrup filed the patents DE1574074[5] and DE1574075[6] in West Germany for a tamper-proof identification switch based on a semiconductor device and described contactless communication via inductive coupling.[7] Its primary use was intended to provide individual copy-protected keys for releasing the tapping process at unmanned gas stations. In September 1968, Grttrup, together with Jrgen Dethloff as an investor, filed further patents for this identification switch, first in Austria[8] and in 1969 as subsequent applications in the United States,[9][10] Great Britain, West Germany and other countries.[11]

Independently, Kunitaka Arimura of the Arimura Technology Institute in Japan developed a similar idea of incorporating an integrated circuit onto a plastic card, and filed a smart card patent in March 1970.[4][12] The following year, Paul Castrucci of IBM filed an American patent titled "Information Card" in May 1971.[12]

In 1974 Roland Moreno patented a secured memory card later dubbed the "smart card".[13][14] In 1976, Jrgen Dethloff introduced the known element (called "the secret") to identify gate user as of USP 4105156.[15]

In 1977, Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bull invented the first microprocessor smart card with two chips: one microprocessor and one memory, and in 1978, he patented the self-programmable one-chip microcomputer (SPOM) that defines the necessary architecture to program the chip. Three years later, Motorola used this patent in its "CP8". At that time, Bull had 1,200 patents related to smart cards. In 2001, Bull sold its CP8 division together with its patents to Schlumberger, who subsequently combined its own internal smart card department and CP8 to create Axalto. In 2006, Axalto and Gemplus, at the time the world's top two smart-card manufacturers, merged and became Gemalto. In 2008, Dexa Systems spun off from Schlumberger and acquired Enterprise Security Services business, which included the smart-card solutions division responsible for deploying the first large-scale smart-card management systems based on public key infrastructure (PKI).

After the Tlcarte, microchips were integrated into all French Carte Bleue debit cards in 1992. Customers inserted the card into the merchant's point-of-sale (POS) terminal, then typed the personal identification number (PIN), before the transaction was accepted. Only very limited transactions (such as paying small highway tolls) are processed without a PIN.

Smart-card-based "electronic purse" systems store funds on the card, so that readers do not need network connectivity. They entered European service in the mid-1990s. They have been common in Germany (Geldkarte), Austria (Quick Wertkarte), Belgium (Proton), France (Moneo[17]), the Netherlands (Chipknip Chipper (decommissioned in 2015)), Switzerland ("Cash"), Norway ("Mondex"), Spain ("Monedero 4B"), Sweden ("Cash", decommissioned in 2004), Finland ("Avant"), UK ("Mondex"), Denmark ("Danmnt") and Portugal ("Porta-moedas Multibanco").Private electronic purse systems have also been deployed such as the Marines corps (USMC) at Parris Island allowing small amount payments at the cafeteria.

Since the 1990s, smart cards have been the subscriber identity modules (SIMs) used in GSM mobile-phone equipment. Mobile phones are widely used across the world, so smart cards have become very common.

Europay MasterCard Visa (EMV)-compliant cards and equipment are widespread with the deployment led by European countries. The United States started later deploying the EMV technology in 2014, with the deployment still in progress in 2019. Typically, a country's national payment association, in coordination with MasterCard International, Visa International, American Express and Japan Credit Bureau (JCB), jointly plan and implement EMV systems.

Historically, in 1993 several international payment companies agreed to develop smart-card specifications for debit and credit cards. The original brands were MasterCard, Visa, and Europay. The first version of the EMV system was released in 1994. In 1998 the specifications became stable.

EMV compliant cards were first accepted into Malaysia in 2005[19] and later into United States in 2014. MasterCard was the first company that was allowed to use the technology in the United States. The United States has felt pushed to use the technology because of the increase in identity theft. The credit card information stolen from Target in late 2013 was one of the largest indicators that American credit card information is not safe. Target made the decision on 30 April 2014 that it would try to implement the smart chip technology to protect itself from future credit card identity theft. 17dc91bb1f

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