In these days, the fuel cell is emerged as an alternative energy generating system in various fields, including automobiles, spacecraft, portable device, and power plants. Among several fuel cell types operated at different conditions, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) use polymer membrane as an electrolyte material, a core component of fuel cell system. The most popular polymer electrolyte membrane, Nafion produced by DuPont, shows good properties in proton conductivity, mechanical stability, and cell performance. Nafion membrane, however, has also been reported to have some drawbacks associated with high fuel crossover, low conductivity at reduced humidity, and high purchasing cost.

Energy harvesting can be defined as a process wherein the sources such as mechanical load, vibrations, temperature gradients and light, etc., are scavenged and converted to obtain relatively small levels of power in the nW-mW range. The Piezoelectric nano generator (PENG) are piezoelectric architectures that are smartly designed to maximum capture ambient vibration/motion energy into piezoelectric material and convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a new power-generation technology was reported by Wang in 2012. Because of its great potential for scavenging mechanical energy from living environment and sustainably driving portable devices, many researchers have developed various methods to improve output performances of TENG.

Increased energy consumption stimulates the development of various energy types. As a result, the storage of these different types of energy becomes a key issue. Supercapacitors, as one important energy storage device, have gained much attention and owned a wide range of applications by taking advantages of micro-size, lightweight, high power density and long cycle life. From this perspective, numerous studies, especially on electrode materials, have been reported and great progress in the advancement in both the fundamental and applied fields of supercapacitor has been achieved.