The project aims to reconstruct the variability of particular climate elements (hot and cold spells, drought and floods) of the last 500 years in the Carpathian region (Romania, based on historical documents. Further, new and published palaeoclimatic data and published palaeoecological information will be statistically integrated to the documentary reconstruction, to study the possible large-scale mechanism by which these climatic changes are interlinked and determine the impact of climate variability and extreme events on agriculture and human society.