Notes

• Robert Hook:
  • Discovered cells when looking a cork
  • A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • discovered the first protozoan, which are single celled, animal like organisms, after observing them through his own microscope.
  • Looked at protozoan by designing a new microscope
• Cell Theory
  • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
  • Cells are the basic of structure and organization all living organisms
  • Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells
• Microscopes
  • Compound Light Microscopes, functions using a series of glass lenses
  • Using viable light
  • Total Magnification is 1,000x
• Electron Microscopes
  • 4 types; transmission electron microscope (TEM)
  • Admit a stream of electrons, and specimen (Dead) has to be in heavy metal
  • Maximum magnification is 500,00x
  • SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
  • Passes the electron over the surface of the object
  • Produces a 3D image, specimen must be dead
  • STEM (Scanning Tunneling Electron Microscope)
  • Uses tip of probe that tunnels into specimen
  • Creates a 3D image, specimen can be dead or alive
  • AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)
  • Measure the various forces between the tip of the probe and the cells surfaces

Basic Cell Types

• Basic unit of all living organisms, exist in various shapes and sizes, differ based on functions they preform
• One thing that they have in common is a Plasma membrane, regulates what goes in and out of the cell
• Generally have a number of functions in common
  • Gentic Material
  • Break down molecules to generate energy
• Two Broad Categories of Cells
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
  • Prokaryotic
    • Have no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, smaller than eukaryotic cells and the first cells on Earth
  • Eukaryotic
    • Contains a Nucleus (What is this) AKA; control center, brain, mission control. Tells the cell what to do and stores DNA
    • Have membrane bound organelles
  • Organelles
    • An organelle is a specially designed structure within a cell that carries out specific functions.
• The endosymbiont theory
  • Symbiotic relationship involves one prokaryotic cell living inside another and both cells benefiting from the relationship.