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6. "MXenes: promising 2D memristor materials for neuromorphic computing components"

Monika Patel, Neelgund Ramesh Hemanth, Jeny Gosai, Ranjit Mohili, Ankur Solanki, Mohendra Roy, Baizeng Fang, Nitin K Chaudhari

Trends Chem., 2022, 4, 835-849.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2022.06.004

Brain-inspired parallel computing ‘neuromorphic computing’ is one of the most promising technologies for efficiently handling large amounts of information data, which operates based on a hardware-neural network platform consisting of numerous artificial synapses and neurons. Memristors, as artificial synapses based on various 2D materials for neuromorphic and data storage technologies with low power consumption, high scalability, and high speed, have been developed to address the von Neumann bottleneck and limitations of Moore’s law. The 2D MXenes have strong potential application in memristors due to their ultrahigh conductivity, fast charge response, high stacking density, and high hydrophilicity. Here, we discuss how MXenes are emerging as a potential material towards artificial synapses. Recent progress in research on artificial synapses, fabricated particularly using MXenes and their composite materials, is comprehensively discussed with respect to mechanism, synaptic characteristics, power efficiency, and scalability. Finally, we present an outlook of the future development of MXenes for artificial intelligence and challenges in integrating memristors with MXenes are briefly discussed.

5. "Metallic Nanosponges for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications"

NR Hemanth, Ranjit Mohili, Monika Patel, Arvind H Jadhav, Kwangyeol Lee, Nitin K Chaudhari

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022,10, 14221-14246.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA02057B

In order to meet the current energy storage demands, the rational design of novel nanostructured materials is crucial for the improvement of electrochemical storage and conversion performance. Nanostructured materials have shown promising results in various energy harvesting systems, owing to their multifunctional properties such as a large active surface area, mechanical strength, catalytic ability, excellent ion diffusion, and electronic conductivity. To date, the library of nanostructured materials consists of diverse compositions ranging from oxides, dichalcogenides, carbides to graphene-based and lithium alloys with various morphologies such as zero-dimensional (0D), 1D, 2D and 3D nanomaterials. In particular, nanosponges have exhibited unusual three-dimensional architecture that provides rich surface defects and excellent structural stability resulting in improved catalytic activity. Additionally, the large conducting surface, electronic conductivity and pronounced crystalline phase stability of nanosponges have been utilized to improve the electrode performance drastically. Moreover, the unique sponge-like metallic porous network not only reduces the overall weight of the device but also decreases the consumption of metal usage. In this context, this review particularly highlights the recent progress in the synthesis and properties of noble metals and other metal-based sulphide, oxide, hydroxide and phosphide nanosponges, and their application in electrochemical storage and conversion devices.

4. "Transition metal dichalcogenide-decorated MXenes: promising hybrid electrodes for energy storage and conversion applications"

NR Hemanth, Taekyung Kim, Byeongyoon Kim, Arvind H Jadhav, Kwangyeol Lee, Nitin K Chaudhari
Mater. Chem. Front., 2021, 5, 3298-3321.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QM00035G

Various two-dimensional (2D) materials have demonstrated unique structure-dependent characteristics that are conducive to energy-harvesting applications. Among them, the family of layered MXenes has found a wide range of applications in batteries, supercapacitors, photo- and electrocatalysis, water purification, biosensors, electromagnetic interference shielding, structural composites, etc., owing to their well-defined structure, large surface area, large interlayer distance, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, layer restacking due to hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces between the layers considerably impedes the utility of MXenes. To tackle the restacking issues, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2, WS2, and MoSe2 nanosheets have been uniformly dispersed on the surface of MXenes, which not only mitigates the restacking of the MXenes but also improves the electrochemical performance due to the synergistic interaction between MXenes and TMDs. This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of MXene/TMD heterostructures and the nature of the synergistic interactions between TMDs and MXenes in energy-related applications. We further highlight future research directions for MXene/TMD-based materials for energy storage applications.

3. "Poly(1,6-heptadiyne)/NiFe2O4 composite as capacitor for miniaturized electronics"

RaviPrakash Magisetty, Hemanth NR, Anuj Shukla, Raja Shunmugam, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 2020, 59:18, 2018-2026.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/25740881.2020.1784217

Impedance spectroscopy-based electrical measurements were conducted on different molecular weight (MW) Poly(1,6-heptadiyne)s (PHDs) embedded PHD/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites. Nanocomposites conductivity result demonstrated the conductivities of around 3.5×10−6−16×10−6SCm−1 (nanocomposite Root mean square (RMS) current is 12–15 times greater than DC current of PHDs at 27° C). Additionally, dielectric loss and capacitance characteristics suggested the nanocomposite (4500 MW PHD) device quality factor is 35.7 at 1 kHz, which is ~13.89 times superior than that of NiFe2O4 alone sample, also ‘Q’ value for highest MW PHD nanocomposite is 50% enhanced than NiFe2O4. Moreover, the capacitance result suggested the 12400 MW PHD nanocomposite nearly frequency-independent capacitance (15–20pF) over a frequency range of 500 Hz–500 kHz.

2. "Multifunctional conjugated 1, 6-heptadiynes and its derivatives stimulated molecular electronics: Future moletronics"

RaviPrakash Magisetty, NR Hemanth, Pawan Kumar, Anuj Shukla, Raja Shunmugam, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Eur. Polym. J., 2020, 124, 109467.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109467

Over the past decade conducting polymers have been studied for electronic applications, among them, molecular electronics: the study and investigation of molecular building blocks is a next-generation demanded area of research. Hence, the moletronic equivalent multi-functional advantages of cyclopolymerized 1,6-heptadiyne (HD) systems explored in this review. Further, this report elucidates physical properties via conditional cyclopolymerization methodologies, it describes the chemistry of tethering molecular-chains facilitated intrinsic-conductivity. HD and its derivatives induce superior conductivity characteristics via doping elements, wherein, significant electronic conductivity mechanism is attributable to the solitons and anti-solitons, which was described in this context. HD and their derivatives molecular mechanism, its compatibility are expounded for moletronic application, which is new insight of the article. Moreover, required inherent characteristics, for e.g., thermal-stability, chemical-resistance, mechanical properties, magnetic, and electronic properties have been discussed. Furthermore, failures, physical limitations, and its realizable similarity solutions for moletronics have described. Though electronic or moletronic components having failures and other physical limitations, HDs offers excellent conductivity with wide functional and physical properties that could lead to potential candidates to deliver efficient and low-cost moletronic devices.

1. "Recent advances in 2D MXenes for enhanced cation intercalation in energy harvesting Applications: A review"

NR Hemanth, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Chem. Eng. J., 2020 392, 123678.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123678

An advanced energy harvesting device that can be powerful with rapid storage mechanism, effective conservation, intact and secure recycling presently fascinate and are increasingly developed with the proper synthesis strategy and combination of nanomaterials with complementary properties. In 2011 extensive research has led to the wide emanating family of two-dimensional (2D) multi-layered transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides in conjunction with surface terminations namely fluorine, hydroxyl or oxygen which add hydrophilicity to their surfaces, these are collectively known as MXenes, they are derived from a selective etching of atomically thin sheets of ‘A’ element from MAX phases in the acidic solutions which contain aqueous fluoride. The gifted chemistry and unique morphology of MXenes allow us to use them for distinct applications which includes energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, anti-bacterial activity, nanofiltration of water, reinforcements, nuclear waste management, and catalysis. The excellent properties inclusive of high lithium (Li) storage capacity, rapid diffusion of Li, and low operating voltage make the MXenes a promising electrode, the macroporous Ti3C2Tx sheets display gravimetric nearly 210 Fg−1 at scan rates of 10 Vs−1 which exceeds finest carbon supercapacitor and MXene hydrogels can have volumetric capacitances nearly 1500 F·cm−3. In this context, this review provides state of the art for the synthesis of MXenes, it’s structure, intercalation, delamination, properties and thorough understanding between nanostructure and electrochemical performance which will encourage further study of 2D MXenes in energy harvesting applications.

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