Research

Religious Fragmentation, External Threats and Welfare State Development: The Case of British Public Education 1850–1930.

The Liberal Paradox: External Threats, State Capacity, and the Rise and Fall of Leading Economies (under review).

Does Imperialism Hinder or Promote Democratization?

Of Guns and Markets: The British Navy and Economic Expansion in the Eighteenth Century.

The French Threat and the Dilemma of Federalism in the Dutch States General.

Introducing a New Comparative Dataset on Effective Tax Rates on Capital and Labour in Europe (with Toon van Overbeke).