A kettle, also known as a tea kettle or teakettle, is a sort of water-boiling pot with a lid, spout, and handle, or a tiny electric kitchen device of similar design that acts independently. Kettles can be heated by placing them on a burner or, in appliance versions, by their own internal electric heating element.
The word kettle stems from Old Norse ketill "cauldron". The Old English spelling was cetel, with the initial che- [t] like 'cherry,' while the Middle English (and dialectal) spelling was chetel. Both are derived (along with German Kessel "cauldron") from Germanic *katilaz, which was borrowed from Latin catillus, a diminutive form of catinus "deep vessel for serving or cooking food," which is translated as "bowl", "deep dish", or "funnel".
A modern stovetop kettle is a flat-bottomed metal vessel used to heat water on a stovetop or hob. They often have a top handle, a spout, and a lid. Some have a steam whistle that sounds when the water reaches boiling temperature.
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Electric kettles are often used to boil water in nations with mains electricity ranging from 200 to 240 volts. With a power rating of 2-3 kW, the heating element is normally totally enclosed. This means that an electric kettle can demand up to 13 amps, which is a sizable fraction of the power available in many homes: the main fuse in most homes ranges between 20 and 100 amps. In countries where the mains voltage is 120 volts, twice as much current is drawn for the same power.
As the water reaches boiling temperature, the kettle automatically deactivates, avoiding the water from boiling away and damaging the heating element. A more upright version, the "jug"-style electrical kettle, can be more cost-effective to operate because even one cup of water will cover the element.
An electric kettle is sometimes referred to as a hot pot in the United States.
A kettle is known as a jug in New Zealand.
In the late 1800s, electric kettles were introduced as an alternative to stovetop kettles. The Crompton and Co. firm in the United Kingdom began including electric kettles in their catalogue in 1893. The term "electricity" refers to the process of converting electricity into usable electricity. Instead, the electric heating element was housed in a separate compartment beneath the kettle's water storage section. Even in comparison to standard stove-top kettles of the period, the design was inefficient.
The 'Archer' electric kettle, manufactured by Premier Electric Heaters in Birmingham, England, was promoted as a luxury item in 1902. It had a sealed element in the kettle's base (not exposed to water) and was one of the earliest kettles with a boil-safe system.
Leslie Large, an engineer at Birmingham's Bulpitt & Sons, created a wire element coiled around a core and sheathed in a metal tube in 1922. Because the element could be immersed directly in water, the kettle was far more efficient than stovetop kettles.
Russell Hobbs, a newly formed British company, introduced the stainless steel K1 model as the first fully automatic kettle in 1955. A thermostat bends, switching off the current, after being heated through a pipe by the steam produced as the water comes to a boil. Because little steam is produced before boiling occurs, the thermostat is set to activate well below 100 degrees Celsius, and so this simple design works well even at high altitudes where the boiling point is substantially lower. Several manufacturers have now largely followed the design.
A whistling kettle is one that has an audible whistle that sounds when the water in the kettle begins to boil. The movement of steam through the apparatus induces vibration, which produces sound, which is known in physics as a tone hole.
The specific mechanism by which this occurs was not fully known until an article, The aeroacoustics of a steam kettle, was published in the journal Physics of Fluids in 2013 by R. H. Henrywood, a fourth-year engineering undergraduate at the University of Cambridge, and A. Agarwal, his supervisor.
The whistling tea kettle was invented by Harry Bramson.
These are newer types of tea kettles. These are high-tech kitchen appliances designed to make tea brewing simple for everyone. They are designed to intelligently make many types of tea without much interaction from the user.
Once set, the automatic tea kettle heats the water to the proper temperature for brewing a specific type of tea, adds the tea, and steeps the tea for the required period of time. They frequently create a beeping sound to notify the user when the tea is ready and to keep the temperature of the beverage stable after preparation.