Increasingly, digital technologies are serving as the medium of choice for grassroots community organizing around the world. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), such as social media and communication applications, have opened up new opportunities for organizing, coordinating, and mobilizing (Agarwal, 2014; Carty, 2019; Wulf, 2013). For marginalized groups in particular, who have not had equitable access to mainstream media platforms, the large reach of social media and rise of user generated content allows marginalized groups to have a transnational voice (Carroll & Hackett, 2006). Simultaneously, the use of digital technologies for social organizing is contentious, as technology simultaneously empowers grassroots movements as well as institutionalized antagonists such as the state and corporations (Reich, 2007; Udlam, 2018). With the imbalance of power between marginalized community organizers and powerful antagonists, the design and use of technologies can have a significant impact on whether democratic action succeeds or fails.
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