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The value of cultural anthropology, interdisciplinary study, and participant observation in ethnography
The value of cultural anthropology, interdisciplinary study, and participant observation in ethnography
In technical terms, anthropology is the broad field of study encompassing human behavior, culture, and societies. In practice, however, anthropology is fundamentally much more than that. Realistically, anthropology is a perspective and a mindset that allows those who utilize it to obtain a holistic view on whatever they are analyzing. By definition, the anthropological perspective requires the sentiments, advice, thoughts, and opinions of every party that is involved or impacted by the situation at hand. Because of this, it means that the anthropological perspective gives one of the most complete understandings of any situation.
Much like how anthropology gives a holistic perspective of a situation or concept, interdisciplinary study allows for a greater, more complete understanding of what is occurring. By studying something from the perspectives of different disciplines, we can see a problem from all of its sides instead of putting undue emphasis on only one or two parts. These disciplines could include anything from biology to economics to political science. By utilizing interdisciplinary study with the anthropological perspective, we can see the complex web of intersectionality that exists behind every issue we face as a global society.
Ethnography is the focused study on the individual customs and cultures of different societies, and while it is largely derived from anthropology its facets can be applied to other disciplines as well. One of the main ways that we as anthropologists study ethnography is through what is called participant observation. Participant observation is the act of observing and studying something, in this case a particular societal or cultural aspect, through first-hand experience of becoming part of that thing.
Through volunteering at the Longmont Humane Society, I was able to directly experience the intricacies and daily functions of an organization that has outwardly announced its commitment to animal rights and welfare. This was a direct example of participant observation: by participating in the organization itself, I was able to meet individuals and observe small occurrences that are not presented to the public or even to individuals investigating from the "outside". I was able to become part of the "inside" of this organization, and consequently the issue surrounding animal rights, and obtain accounts and knowledge that is not otherwise attainable. I was able to see animal conditions, employee behaviors and sentiments, as well as a bunch of adorable animals.
So many of today's problems are solved through an approach that has been cobbled together from only a couple of perspectives, and usually only the prominent ones that can afford to make their positions known. Unfortunately, this leads to a very lopsided solution that may seem beneficial, but ultimately either fails to address the root causes of the initial problem, harms a minority group that was not able to speak up during the decision-making process, or both. This is clearly not optimal, and illustrates the need for the anthropological perspective, interdisciplinary study, and ethnography in the public sphere.
In the pursuit of animal rights and welfare, being a solutionary is one of, if not the single most important characteristics needed to address the root causes to find a solution that can benefit all parties that are involved. My work at the humane society was one brief step in personally becoming familiar with one sector of the groups involved in order to begin to create a holistic perspective for the other solutionaries needed to solve this problem. Without the anthropological perspective, the eventual incorporation of interdisciplinary study, and the use of participant observation, this volunteer work would be nothing more than a donation of my time to a good cause. By working to become a solutionary, however, I have compounded upon volunteer work and begun to extrapolate the details and skills I learn here to solving a problem that has infiltrated every aspect of our daily lives.