Imagine you have a friend who loves skateboarding, but sometimes they fall and get hurt. Harm reduction is like giving your friend a helmet or teaching them how to land safely. It doesn't stop them from skateboarding, but it helps them not get hurt as much if they fall.
Harm reduction means finding ways to make sure that when people do something that might not be very safe, like taking drugs or having casual sex, they can do it in a way that's less likely to hurt them or others. It's about helping everyone stay as safe as possible, even when they're doing risky things.
Naloxone can prevent overdose deaths. In 2019, one study found opioids were linked to almost 50,000 deaths, and that bystanders were present in one out of every 3. Often, someone is there when an overdose happens. If they have naloxone, they can use it to possibly save a life. Anyone can carry and use naloxone in an emergency.
Recognizing an opioid overdose can be difficult, but don't worry. Naloxone is a safe medication and can be administered to most anyone, if they aren't overdosing you aren't going to harm them.
Signs of an overdose may include:
Small, constricted “pinpoint pupils”
Falling asleep or loss of consciousness
Slow, shallow breathing
Choking or gurgling sounds
Limp body
Pale, blue, or cold skin
When you suspect someone is having an opiod overdose, don't panic! Just remember the C.A.C.A method.
Check
the person by loudly saying their name, then use a "trapezius squeeze" where you use your index finger and thumb to squeeze and twist about 2 inches of that muscle. Alternatively, rub your knuckles into their sternum. If they do not respond, go to the next step....
Administer
the naloxone spray into their nostril by firmly pushing the plunger of the nasal spray with the person on their back, then place them in the recovery position. Note the time - a dose can be given every 2 minutes if the person has not resumed normal breathing.
Call 911
report an UNCONSCIOUS person and that it is a medical emergency ONLY. Most states have good Samaritan Laws to protect you and also the person overdosing. If you are not able to call 911 and can move the person safely, get them to the hospital ASAP!
Administer
the second dose of naloxone if the person still hasn't responded after two minutes. Spray the second dose into the other nostril. Continue to administer every 2 minutes, keeping them in the recovery position in between doses until they recover or paramedics arrive.
Be sure to also check out our own harm reduction video courtesy of Niko Galvez (@nikofromchino on IG).