Handball Court _HOT

Initially introduced by Irish immigrants at the end of the 19th century, New Yorkers have taken handball and made it a sport all their own. Although one of the city's most popular activities, plenty of room remains on our courts for new players. Bring a ball to your local court and catch the handball fever!

i know this dream. "I do have a recurring dream where I find myself on the court, sweating profusely, swinging my arm and my gloved hand hitting the ball and then waiting axiously for my opponents return. " and echo the conclusion.

Handball Court

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American handball, known as handball in the United States and sometimes referred to as wallball, is a sport in which players use their hands to hit a small, rubber ball against a wall such that their opponent(s) cannot do the same without the ball touching the ground twice or hitting out-of-bounds. The three versions are four-wall, three-wall and one-wall (also known as Wallball or international fronton). Each version can be played either by two players (singles), three players (cutthroat) or four players (doubles), but in official tournaments, singles and doubles are the only versions played.

Games in which a ball is hit or thrown have been referenced as far back as Homer and ancient Egypt. A game similar to handball was played by Northern and Central Americans from 1500 BC,[1] most famously by the Aztecs as the Mesoamerican ballgame. However, no references to a rebound game using a wall survive. It is thought that these ancient games more closely resembled a form of hand tennis. Further examples of similar games include the European-originated games of Basque pelota (or Jai-alai),[1] Gaelic handball, [1] Valencian front,[citation needed] International fronton[citation needed] and Eton fives.[citation needed]

The first recorded game of striking a ball against a wall using a hand was in Scotland in 1427, when King James I ordered a cellar window in his palace courtyard to be blocked up, as it was interfering with his game.[2] In Ireland, the earliest written record of a similar game is in the 1527 town statutes of Galway, which forbade the playing of ball games against the walls of the town. The first depiction of an Irish form of handball does not appear until 1785.[3] The sport of handball in Ireland was eventually standardized as Gaelic handball. By the mid-19th century, Australians were playing a similar game, which developed into the modern sport of Australian handball.[4]

In Treacherous Beauty, by Mark Jacob and Stephen H. Case, about the Arnold-Andre conspiracy, Major John Andre and General Sir Henry Clinton are said to have played a game called handball during the American Revolution. The earliest record of the modern game in the United States mentions two handball courts in San Francisco in 1873.[1] The sport grew over the next few decades. By the early 1900s, four-wall handball was well established and a one-wall game was developed in New York City by beach-goers who hit bald tennis balls with their hands against the sides of the wooden jetties that lined beaches. This led to a rise in one-wall handball at New York beaches and by the 1930s, thousands of indoor and outdoor one-wall courts had been built throughout the city.[5] American handball is seen predominantly in parks, beaches, and high school yards in New York, Chicago and other large urban areas.

National championships in handball have been held annually in the United States since 1919. These championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) until 1950, when their control was transferred to the newly formed United States Handball Association (USHA).[6]

The sports of racquetball, squash, fives, four-wall and one-wall paddleball were heavily influenced by handball. Four-wall paddleball and one-wall paddleball were created when people took up wooden paddles to play on handball courts. Four-wall paddleball was invented in 1930 by Earl Riskey, a physical-education instructor at the University of Michigan, when he came up with the idea of using paddles to play on the school's handball courts. Racquetball was invented in 1949 by Joe Sobek in Greenwich, Connecticut, when he played handball using a strung racquet.[7]

American handball is played on a walled court, with either a single (front) wall, three walls, or in a fully enclosed four-wall court; four-wall courts typically have a ceiling while three-wall courts may or may not. The four-wall court is a rectangular box. The front wall is 20 feet (6.1 m) square, and the side walls are 40 feet (12.2 m) long and 20 feet (6.1 m) high.

In the middle of the floor lies a short line, dividing the floor into two 20 feet (6.1 m) squares. Also along the floor is the service line, which is 5 feet (1.5 m) in front of the short line. The service zone is the area between these two lines. The back wall of the court is usually 12 feet (3.7 m) high, with an above gallery for the referee, scorekeeper and spectators. Some courts have a glass back wall and glass side walls to allow for better viewing. (In three-wall court handball, the court often has a front wall and two full side walls, or the front wall is flanked by two triangular wings.)

Handball may be played as singles (two players against each other), doubles (two teams of two players), or "cutthroat" (three players rotating one against two). In cutthroat handball, one server plays against two receivers, until he or she is "put out" (Other terms include "down" or "side out"). Then, the left-most receiver serves. Serves rotate in this way until one player wins by scoring either 7, 11, 15, or 21 points.[8] Should both teams reach a score 1 below the winning score, the game can be continued by "win-by-two" or "straight". In "win-by-two", the winning score is increased by 2 points. In 'straight', the score remains the same and cannot be pushed. When a tie of 20 is reached in a 21-point match, a common decision is 'straight 25', where the winning score is set to 25 and cannot be changed. The cutthroat mode of play is also known as "triangles."

One-wall handball courts have a wall 20 feet (6.1 m) wide and 16 feet (4.9 m) high. The court floor is 20 feet (6.1 m) wide and 34 feet (10.4 m) long. When not played as part of tournament or league play, the one-wall game typically uses the bigger ball called "the big blue" (described below in the "Equipment" section). The main difference between one-wall handball and other versions is that the ball must always be played off the front wall. One-wall handball can be watched by more people than a four-wall game. The court is also cheaper to build, making this version of handball popular at gymnasiums and playgrounds. In New York City alone, an estimated 2,299 public handball courts occupy the five boroughs.

A typical outfit includes protective gloves, sneakers, athletic shorts and goggles. Eye protection is required in tournament handball, as the ball moves at high speeds and in close proximity to the players. It is rarely used in "street" handball, however, where a softer "big blue" ball is usually used.

A true handball is referred to as an "ace ball" or, in earlier days, "blackball". A racquetball used to play handball is called a "big ball" or "big blue". A small ball is hard, bounces higher and moves faster. Types of small balls include the Red Ace (for men) and the White Ace (for women). The Red Ace small ball is heavier than the White Ace small ball.

4. Service markers. There shall be service markers, lines of at least six inches in length extending inward from the side lines, parallel with the short and long lines and located midway between them. The imaginary extension of these lines across the court indicates the service line.

Arbitration is a more and more common mean to settle issues containing specific and technical characteristics and is particularly adapted to solve disputes arising in sport.

The European Handball Court of Arbitration has been granted all assets to answer handball or more generally sports conflicts. The European Handball Court of Arbitration organises arbitration in conformity with its legal status and following regulations that define the main different applicable rules during arbitration.

The playing court is 40m long and 20m wide, with two goal areas and a playing area. The longer boundary lines are called side lines, and the shorter ones are called goal lines (between the goalposts) or outer goal lines (on either side of the goal).

There is a safety zone surrounding the playing court, with a minimum width of one metre along the side lines and 2m behind the goal lines.

A goal is placed in the centre of each outer goal line. The goals must be firmly attached to the floor or to the walls behind them. The goals are 2m high and 3m wide.

The goalposts are joined by a horizontal crossbar. The rear side of the goalposts are in line with the rear edge of the goal line. The goalposts and the crossbar have an 8cm square cross section.

On the three sides which are visible from the court they are painted in bands of two contrasting colours, which also contrast with the background.

The goals have a net, attached in such a way that a ball thrown into the goal remains in the goal.

All lines on the court are part of the area that they enclose. The goal lines are 8cm wide between the goalposts. All other lines are 5cm wide.

Lines between two adjacent areas may be replaced with a difference in colours between the adjacent areas of the floor.

In front of each goal there is a goal area. The goal area is defined by a 6m goal area line which is drawn as follows :

The playing court is 27m long and 12m wide. There is a 3m safety zone surrounding the playing court. The playing surface consists of sand at least 40cm deep. The playing area is 15 long, 12m wide and the goal area 6m in length. The goals are 2m high and 3m wide.

The court is marked with lines that belong to the areas of which they are boundaries. The two longer boundary lines are called side lines. The two shorter boundary lines are called goal lines, although there is no line between the goalposts. The goal area lines are 6m from and parallel to the goal line.

The court is divided into two halves by an imaginary halfway line. The middle of this imaginary line is the exact position for the referee throw.

All lines are between 5 and 8cm wide and made of solid colour tape contrasting with the sand (blue, yellow or red). The tape is flexible and hard wearing, firmly anchored to the sand at each corner and at the intersection of each goal area line/side line with buried dead man anchors.

A bungee cord is attached to each corner and connected to buried wood or a plastic anchor disk (without sharp edges). The bungee provides the tension necessary to keep the boundaries in place while giving the flexibility to reduce the chances of injury should a player or official catch their foot under the line. The goals are affixed to the lines with rubber rings attached to the posts. The anchors must not create a danger for the players and officials. e24fc04721