The agenda focuses on how the ongoing conflict in the Middle East,  particularly involving Israel, Iran, armed groups such as Hezbollah and Hamas, and the involvement of powers like the United States and Russia is affecting international peace and security.

For the United Nations Security Council, this agenda is not just about one war. It is about whether the conflict could spread across the region and threaten the rest of the world. This conflict has already affected countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and states in the Persian Gulf. There are concerns that continued escalation could lead to a larger regional war.

The issue is especially important because the Middle East contains major oil routes, including the Strait of Hormuz, through which a large share of the world’s oil and gas passes. Any disruption to this route can raise fuel prices, increase inflation, and damage economies around the world, even in countries far from the conflict. Recent tensions have already threatened global shipping and energy supplies. 

The agenda also includes humanitarian and security concerns:

• Rising civilian casualties

• Refugee and displacement crises

• Terrorism and radicalisation

• Threats to international shipping and trade

• Risk of cyberattacks and attacks on critical infrastructure

• Possibility of nuclear escalation if tensions involving Iran continue

The UNSC must therefore debate:

• How to prevent further military escalation

• Whether to call for a ceasefire

• How to protect civilians

• How to ensure maritime security in the Persian Gulf

• Whether sanctions, peacekeeping, or diplomatic negotiations are needed

• How to balance the interests of powerful countries without worsening the conflict

Allocation Matrix