Research Lines
Streamer Corona discharges in thunderclouds
We use optical data from the Atmosphere Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) to investigate large corona discharges occurring in thunderclouds. Our group has firstly suggested that in-cloud corona discharges, that can occur isolated from lightning and / or simultaneously to lightning, can be formed by between one hundred million and one thousand million of streamers. Corona discharges are cold discharges (only electrons are "hot" reaching energies up to 10 eV, neutrals remain at ambient temperature) while lightning are hot (neutrals and electrons are "hot"). Thus, corona discharges in thunderclouds have the potential to non-negligibly contribute directly to greenhouse gases (GHG) like ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) which amounts due to in-cloud coronas remain unquantified.
Some papers (last 6 years):
S. Soler, F. J. Pérez‐Invernón, F. J. Gordillo‐Vázquez, A. Luque, D. Li, A. Malagón‐Romero, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, V. Reglero, J. Navarro‐González, G. Lu, H. Zhang, A. Huang and N. Østgaard
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD032708 (2020) doi:10.1029/2020JD032708
D. Li, A. Luque, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. Liu, G. Lu, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, B. Zhu, N. Østgaard and V. Reglero
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126 (2021) doi: 10.1029/2021JD035013
S. Soler, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque, D. Li, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, V. Reglero, J. Navarro-González and N. Østgaard
Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (2021) doi: 10.1029/2021GL094657
F. Liu, G. Lu, T. Neubert, J. Lei, O. Chanrion, N. Østgaard, D. Li, A. Luque, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, V. Reglero, W. Lyu and B. Zhu
Nature Communications, 12.1 (2021) doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26914-4
D. Li, A. Luque, N. G. Lehtinen, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, T. Neubert, G. Lu, O. Chanrion, H. Zhang, N. Østgaard and V. Reglero
"Multi-Pulse Corona Discharges in Thunderclouds Observed in Optical and Radio Bands"
Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL098938 (2022) doi:10.1029/2022GL098938
S. Soler, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque, D. Li, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, V. Reglero, J. Navarro-González and N. Østgaard
"Global Distribution of Key Features of Streamer Corona Discharges in Thunderclouds"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2022JD037535 (2022) doi: 10.1029/2022JD037535
D. Li , A. Luque, F. J. Gordillo-Vazquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, L. S. Husbjerg, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, G. Lu, H. Zhang, J. Han, N. G. Lehtinen, N. Østgaard and V. Reglero
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128, e2022JD037883 (2023) doi: 10.1029/2022JD037883
Li, D., Neubert, T., Husbjerg, L. S., Zhu, Y., Chanrion, O., Lapierre, J., A. Luque et al. "Observation of blue corona discharges and cloud microphysics in the top of thunderstorm cells in cyclone Fani" Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128, e2022JD038328 (2023) doi: 10.1029/2022JD038328
Lightning produced wildfires
The research in lightning produced wildfires is focused in understading the key properties of those lightning able to ignite large forest fires. It is nowadays known the presence in some lightning of continuing current (CC). This CC, that can last beyond 10 milliseconds and up to hundreds of milliseconds, is a critical factor in the ignition of fires by lightning. We investigate, through modeling and observations, those CC lightning. For that we use data from GLM onboard GOES-16/17, ASIM, ground-based networks (like ETLN), and ELF data. Our modeling relays on the development of new parametrizations for CC lightning and their implementation in global atmospheric-chemistry transport models. These model can predict the present (and future) CC lightning geographical distribution and occurrence rate so that comparisons can be performed with observations. Data from the Lightning Imager (LI) and Flexible Combined Instrument (FCI) onboard the MTG-I1 satellite (launched Dec 2022) will be soon used.
Some papers (last 6 years):
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser, S. Soler, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, N. Pineda, J. Navarro-González, V. Reglero, J. Montanyà, O. van der Velde and N. Koutsias
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21 (2021) doi: 10.5194/acp-21-17529-2021
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser, P. Jöckel and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 1-32 (2021) doi: 10.5194/gmd-15-1545-2022
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser and J. V. Moris
Fire 2022, 5, 96 (2022) doi:10.3390/fire5040096
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, H. Huntrieser and P. Jöcke
"Variation of lightning-ignited wildfire patterns under climate change"
Nature Communications, 14, 739 (2023) doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36500-5
J. V. Moris, P. Álvarez-Álvarez, M. Conedera, A. Dorph, T. D. Hessilt, H. G. P. Hunt, R. Libonati, L. S. Menezes, M. M. Müller, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, G. B. Pezzatti, N. Pineda, R. C. Scholten, S. Veraverbeke, B. Mike Wotton, and D. Ascoli
"A global database on holdover time of lightning-ignited wildfires"
Earth System Science Data Discussions, 1--26 (2023) doi: 10.5194/essd-15-1151-2023
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, J. V. Moris, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Füllekrug, G. B. Pezzatti, M. Conedera, J. Lapierre and H. Huntrieser, "On the role of continuing currents in lightning-induced fire ignition" Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128 e2023JD038891 (2023), doi: 10.1029/2023JD038891
AI and ML techniques applied to Atmospheric Electricity
We use different types of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to perform analysis of interest for Atmospheric Electricity.
Regional and global modeling of lightning and in-cloud corona discharges
We use and contribute to the development of regional and global atmospheric-chemistry transport model (WRF, MESSy, WACCM, etc) for Atmospheric Electricity applications. In particular we have applied different lightning parameterizations / schemes to explore differences between them, see their future predictions, and understand and compare with available data (satellite and / or ground-based lightning networks). We have recently developed new schemes for lightning with continuing currents (LCCs) able to cause large wildfires. In addition we have also developed the first parameterization for corona discharges (so-called Blue LUminoes Events, BLUEs) occurring in thunderclouds.
Some papers (last 6 years):
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, A. K. Smith, E. Arnone and H. Winkler
"Global Occurrence and Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Blue Jets Modeled With WACCM4"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2018JD029593
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser and A. K. Smith
Earth and Space Science, 6 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019EA000873
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser, P. Jöckel and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 1-32 (2021) doi: 10.5194/gmd-15-1545-2022
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, H. Huntrieser and P. Jöcke
"Variation of lightning-ignited wildfire patterns under climate change"
Nature Communications, 14, 739 (2023) doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36500-5
Lightning produced NOx: satellite observations and modeling
Our approach to the analysis of lightning produced NOx is based on the combination of observations from ground-based instruments like Lightning Mapping Arrays (LMAs) and global lightning detection networks (ENTLN and others), space-based instruments (like the TROPOspher Monitor Instrument - TROPOMI- onboard Sentinel 5P) and regional and global (CAM, WACCM, EMAC) models. Proximately we will combine models with data from the Lightning Imager (LI) onboard the geostationary Meteosat Third Generation (MTG)-I1 and the UVN and IRN chemical sensors onboard MTG-S1.
Some papers (last 6 years):
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser, T. Erbertseder, D. Loyola, P. Valks, S. Liu, D. J. Allen, K. E. Pickering, E. J. Bucsela, P. Jöckel, J. van Geffen, H. Eskes, S. Soler, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez and J. Lapierre
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3329–3351 (2022) doi:10.5194/amt-15-3329-2022
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, O. van der Velde, J. Montanyá, J. A. López-Trujillo, N. Pineda, H. Huntrieser, P. Valks, D. Loyola, S. Seo and T. Erbertseder "Lightning-produced nitrogen oxides per flash length obtained by using TROPOMI observations and the Ebro lightning mapping array" Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL104699 (2023) doi: 10.1029/2023GL104699
Microscopic simulations of system of streamers in lightning, coronas and mesospheric TLEs
We develop electrodynamic models of single or multiple interacting streamers to understand their propagation dynamics in the context of corona discharges appearing in lightning stems and in large scale Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) like sprites, blue jets and giant blue jets. The models, when couple to detailed kinetics, also allow to accurately quantify the electromagnetic emissions in different regions of the optical (from UV to IR) and radio spectra (from LF to VHF / MW). Results can be compared with optical and radio observations including those from 3D interferometers (like LOFAR and others).
Some papers (last 6 years):
A. Luque
"Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation from streamer collisions"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122, 10,497 - 10,509 (2017) doi: 10.1002/2017JD027157
A. Luque, M. González and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Streamer discharges as advancing imperfect conductors: inhomogeneities in long ionized channels"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26 125006 (17pp) (2017) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/aa987a
A. Malagón-Romero and A. Luque
Computer Physics Communications 225, 114-121 (2018) doi: 10.17632/x7f6czrnsh.1
A. Malagón-Romero and A. Luque
"Spontaneous Emergence of Space Stems Ahead of Negative Leaders in Lightning and Long Sparks"
Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019GL082063
M. González, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez and A. Luque
"Macroscopical model of streamer coronas around a spherical electrode"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 28 115007-115020 (2019) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab4e7a
A. Malagón-Romero, J. Tenuissen, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, M. G. McHarg, U. Ebert and A. Luque
"On the Emergence Mechanism of Carrot Sprites"
Geophysical Research Letters, 47, (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019GL085776
F. J. Pérez‐Invernón, A. Malagón‐Romero, F. J. Gordillo‐Vázquez and A. Luque
Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (2020) doi:10.1029/2020GL088578
A. Malagón-Romero and A. Luque
"Streamer propagation in humid air"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 31 (2022) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/ac969f
M. B. Teixeira-Gomes, F.J. Gordillo-Vázquez and A. Luque
"Collective dynamics of a dense streamer front" Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 32, 9 (2023) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/acf730
A. Malagón-Romero, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez "Chemical activity of low altitude (50 km) sprite streamers" Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128 e2023JD038570 (2023), doi: 10.1029/2023JD038570
Spectroscopy of lightning and TLEs
We use the Granada Sprite Spectrograph and Polarimeter (GRASSP) and the GrAnada LIghtning Ultrafast Spectrograph (GALIUS) to carry out high spectral resolution (0.35 nm or better) of TLEs (with GRASSP), and high speed (up to 2 Mfps) of lightning and lightning-like discharges in the laboratory (with GALIUS). Both instruments have been fully designed, developed and built internally in our group. Results with our spectroscopic instruments are usually interpreted with our own models and compared with synthetic spectra indicating the key lightning / corona / TLE activated chemical species emitting light. Spectroscopic radial analysis of the lightning hot channel can also provide information about the spatial regions where different species (molecules, atoms and / or ions) dominate in different time regimes.
Some papers (last 6 years):
M. Passas-Varo, J. Sánchez, E. Sánchez-Blanco, A. Luque and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"GRASSP: a spectrograph for the study of transient luminous events"
Applied Optics, 55, 23, 6436-6442 (2016) doi:10.1364/AO.55.006436
M. Passas-Varo, J. M. Madiedo and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"High resolution spectroscopy of an Orionid meteor from 700 to 800 nm"
Icarus 266 (2016) 134–141
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Passas, A. Luque, J. Sánchez, O. van der Velde and J. Montanyà
"High Spectral Resolution Spectroscopy of Sprites: A Natural Probe of the Mesosphere"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (2018) doi: 10.1002/2017JD028126
T. N. Kieu, F. J. Gordillo‐Vázquez, M. Passas-Varo, J. Sánchez, F. J. Pérez‐Invernón, A. Luque, J. Montanyá and H. Christian
"Submicrosecond Spectroscopy of Lightning‐Like Discharges: Exploring New Time Regimes"
Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL088755 (2020) doi:10.1029/2020GL088755
T. N. Kieu, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Passas-Varo, J. Sánchez and F. J. Pérez-Invernón
"High-Speed Spectroscopy of Lightning-Like Discharges: Evidence of Molecular Optical Emissions"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126 (2021) doi: 10.1029/2021JD035016
M. Passas-Varo, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, J. Sánchez, and N. Kieu
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2022JD036553 (2022) doi:10.1029/2022JD036553
M. Passas-Varo, O. van der Velde, F. J. Gordillo‐Vázquez, J. C. Gómez-Martín, J. Sánchez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, M. García-Comas and J. Montanya
"Spectroscopy of a mesospheric ghost reveals iron emissions"
Nature Communications, 14 (2023) doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42892-1
Air (dry and humid) plasma kinetics and electrodynamics of mesospheric and tropospheric electric discharges
Within this research line we investigate the air (dry and humid) plasma kinetics that contribute to the optical emissions, electrical conductivity, chemical output and inception of natural atmospheric electrical discharges under the conditions of the mesosphere (Sprites, Halos, Elves, …) and / or the troposphere (lightning leader streamer coronas and isolated thundercloud streamer corona discharges or BLUEs (see below)). Non-equilibrium kinetics needs to be detailed evaluated with our own state-to-state kinetic models (coupled to electrodynamics streamer models) to account for the relative importance of the different kinetic paths leading to key chemical products such as greenhouse gases (N2O, O3), oxidant species (OH, HO2) or nitric oxides (NO, NO2) produced by streamers in thundercloud coronas (Blue LUminous Events -BLUEs) in the troposphere, and Sprites in the mesosphere. Our models are able to generate synthetic optical spectra of thundercloud coronas and Sprites that, when compared with measured spectra provide fundamental information (number of streamers, vibrational distribution function, etc) about the studied atmospheric discharges. This research line underlies most of our studies in the other research lines of our group.
Some papers:
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Air plasma kinetics under the influence of sprites"
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 41, 234016 (2008) doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/41/23/234016
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez and Z. Donkó
"Electron energy distribution functions and transport coefficients relevant for air plasmas in the troposphere: impact of humidity and gas temperature"
Plasma Sources Science & Technology 18 (2009) 034201, doi: 10.1088/0963-0252/18/3/034021
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Vibrational kinetics of air plasmas induced by sprites"
Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (2010) doi: 10.1029/2009JA014688
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez and A. Luque
"Electrical conductivity in sprite streamer channels"
Geophysical Research Letters, 37 (2010) doi: 10.1029/2010GL044349
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, A. Luque and M. Simek
Journal of Geophysical Research, 116 (2011) doi: 10.1029/2011JA016652
A. Luque and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Mesospheric electric breakdown and delayed sprite ignition caused by electron detachment"
Nature Geoscience, online publication, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1314, 2011
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, A. Luque and M. Simek
"Near infrared and ultraviolet spectra of TLEs"
Journal of Geophysical Research (2012),VOL. 117, A05329, 10.1029/2012JA017516, 2012
F. C. Parra-Rojas, M. Passas-Varo, E. Carrasco, A. Luque, I. Tanarro, M. Simek and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
J. Geophysical Research: Space Physics: 118 (2013) 4649–4661, doi:10.1002/jgra.50433
F. C. Parra-Rojas, A. Luque and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Chemical and electrical impact of lightning on the Earth mesosphere: The case of sprite halos"
J. Geophysical Research: Space Physics 118 (2013)1–25, doi:10.1002/jgra.50449
A. H. Markosyan, A. Luque, F.J. Gordillo-Vázquez and U. Ebert
"PumpKin: A tool to find principal pathways in plasma chemical models"
Computer Physics Communications 185 (2014) 2697–2702
F.C. Parra-Rojas, A. Luque and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Chemical and thermal impact of sprite streamers in the Earth mesosphere"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2015), 120, 10, doi:10.1002/2014JA020933
T. Hoder, M. Simek, Z. Bonaventura, V. Prukner and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, 25 (2016) doi:10.1088/0963-0252/25/4/045021
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, A. Luque, and C. Haldoupis
"Upper D region chemical kinetic modeling of LORE relaxation times"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2016) doi: 10.1002/2015JA021408
A. Luque, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, M. G. McHarg and R. K. Haaland
"Sprite beads and glows arising from the attachment instability in streamer channels"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 121, Issue 3 (2016), pp 2431–2449 doi: 10.1002/2015JA022234
A. Luque, M. González and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
"Streamer discharges as advancing imperfect conductors: inhomogeneities in long ionized channels"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26 125006 (17pp) (2017) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/aa987a
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Sato, T. Ushio, T. Adachi and A. B. Chen
"Spectroscopic Diagnostic of Halos and Elves Detected From Space-Based Photometers"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (2018) doi: 10.1029/2018JD029053
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (2018) doi: 10.1029/2017JD028235
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Passas, A. Luque, J. Sánchez, O. van der Velde and J. Montanyà
"High Spectral Resolution Spectroscopy of Sprites: A Natural Probe of the Mesosphere"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (2018) doi: 10.1002/2017JD028126
A. Malagón-Romero, J. Tenuissen, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, M. G. McHarg, U. Ebert and A. Luque
"On the Emergence Mechanism of Carrot Sprites"
Geophysical Research Letters, 47, (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019GL085776
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, H. Huntrieser and A. K. Smith
Earth and Space Science, 6 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019EA000873
M. González, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez and A. Luque
"Macroscopical model of streamer coronas around a spherical electrode"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 28 115007-115020 (2019) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab4e7a
A. Malagón-Romero, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque and F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019JD030945
A. Malagón-Romero and A. Luque
"Spontaneous Emergence of Space Stems Ahead of Negative Leaders in Lightning and Long Sparks"
Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2019GL082063
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, A. K. Smith, E. Arnone and H. Winkler
"Global Occurrence and Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Blue Jets Modeled With WACCM4"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124 (2019) doi: 10.1029/2018JD029593
F. J. Pérez‐Invernón, A. Malagón‐Romero, F. J. Gordillo‐Vázquez and A. Luque
Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (2020) doi:10.1029/2020GL088578
T. Hoder, Z. Bonaventura, V. Prukner, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez and M. Simek
"Emerging and expanding streamer head in low-pressure air"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 29, (2020) doi: 10.1029/2019GL085776
S. Soler, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque, D. Li, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, V. Reglero, J. Navarro-González and N. Østgaard
Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (2021) doi: 10.1029/2021GL094657
D. Li, A. Luque, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. Liu, G. Lu, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, B. Zhu, N. Østgaard and V. Reglero
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126 (2021) doi: 10.1029/2021JD035013
F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón
Atmospheric Research, 252 (2021) doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105432
S. Soler, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, A. Luque, D. Li, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, V. Reglero, J. Navarro-González and N. Østgaard
"Global Distribution of Key Features of Streamer Corona Discharges in Thunderclouds"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2022JD037535 (2022) doi: 10.1029/2022JD037535
A. Malagón-Romero and A. Luque
"Streamer propagation in humid air"
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 31 (2022) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/ac969f
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Passas-Varo, T. Neubert, O. Chanrion, V. Reglero and N. Østgaard
"Multispectral Optical Diagnostics of Lightning from Space"
Remote Sens., 14, 2057 (2022) doi:10.3390/rs14092057
A. Malagón-Romero, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez "Chemical activity of low altitude (50 km) sprite streamers", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128 e2023JD038570 (2023), doi: 10.1029/2023JD038570
M. B. Teixeira-Gomes, F.J. Gordillo-Vázquez and A. Luque
"Collective dynamics of a dense streamer front", Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 32, 9 (2023) doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/acf730
M. Passas-Varo, O. van der Velde, F. J. Gordillo‐Vázquez, J. C. Gómez-Martín, J. Sánchez, F. J. Pérez-Invernón, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, M. García-Comas and J. Montanya
"Spectroscopy of a mesospheric ghost reveals iron emissions"
Nature Communications, 14 (2023) doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42892-1
F. J. Pérez-Invernón, F. J. Gordillo-Vázquez, A. Malagón-Romero, P. Jöckel, Global and regional chemical influence of sprites: reconciling modelling results and measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3577-3592, (2024), doi: 10.5194/acp-24-3577-2024