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https://www.territorynativeplants.com.au/calophyllum-inophyllum-beauty-leaf
Introduction
Introduction
The Calophyllum inophyllum, also known as the beauty leaf tree, has many different uses including for medicine and cosmetics (Friday &Okano, 2006).
The properties of petroleum diesel are so similar to the properties of beauty leaf oil that scientists wanted to see i beauty leaf oil would be an effective substitute (Jahirul et al., 2015).
https://www.territorynativeplants.com.au/calophyllum-inophyllum-beauty-leaf
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Subphylum: Streptophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Calophyllaceae
Genus: Calophyllum
Species: Calophyllum inophyllum
General Information
General Information
The viridiplantae kingdom consists of green organisms that photosynthesize within the chloroplast of their cells (O'Neill et al., 2022).
This tree is on average 25-65 feet tall (Friday &Okano, 2006).
Its flowers are in clusters of 4-15 and are about 2.5 cm wide and appear mainly in early summer and late fall (Friday &Okano, 2006).
The leaves are rounded and fairly long, reaching a length of 4-8 inches (Friday &Okano, 2006).
Its fruit grows in clusters and hosts a single seed kernel (Friday &Okano, 2006).
Grows in wet to moderate conditions with mainly warm temperatures, mainly in Asia and the Pacific (Arumugam & Ponnusami, 2019).
Tends to thrive in coastal zones, especially in Hawaii (Arumugam & Ponnusami, 2019).
https://www.territorynativeplants.com.au/calophyllum-inophyllum-beauty-leaf
Biodiesel Feedstock Experiment Background
Biodiesel Feedstock Experiment Background
Scientists wanted to determine if beauty leaf oils were able to be used as biodiesel.
Oil was extracted from the kernels of the beauty leaf using mechanical oil extraction, chemical oil extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction (Jahirul et al., 2015).
Was then converted into biodiesel within two steps (Jahirul et al., 2015).
Acid-Catalyzed Esterification and Based-Catalyzed Transesterification
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484715000335?via%3Dihub
Data Analysis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484715000335?via%3Dihub
Method Efficiency
Method Efficiency
Chemical oil extraction had the highest biodiesel conversion efficiency with 93.05% (Jahirul et al., 2015).
ASE had 83.76% and Oil press (mechanical extraction) had 75.74% (Jahirul et al., 2015).
Biodiesel Rankings
Biodiesel Rankings
Beauty leaf oils ranked 3rd, 4th, and 5th in comparison to the other common oils used for biodiesel feedstock (Jahirul et al., 2015).
POME is palm oil, ROME is rapeseed oil, BLOME is beauty leaf oil, COME is canola oil, SFOME is sunflower oil, and SOME is soybean oil (Jahirul et al., 2015).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484715000335?via%3Dihub
https://www.territorynativeplants.com.au/calophyllum-inophyllum-beauty-leaf
Conclusion
Conclusion
Biodiesel used from Beauty Leaf oil could yield better results than other biodiesels that are already being used. Soybean is the most common one currently being used, but it did the worst (Jahirul et al., 2015).
Beauty Leaf biodiesel met the American, Australian, and European standards for biodiesel fuel, which means it can be used in cars (Jahirul et al., 2015).
This is important because using beauty leaf oil could potentially reduce the price of diesel.
References
References
Jahirul, M., Brown, R., Senadeera, W., Ashwath, N., Rasul, M., Rahman, M., Hossain, F. M., Moghaddam, L., Islam, M., & O’Hara, I. (2015). Physio-chemical assessment of beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) as second-generation biodiesel feedstock. Energy Reports, 1, 204-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2015.10.003
Arumugam, A., & Ponnusami, V. (2019). Biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil a potential non-edible feedstock: An overview. Renewable Energy, 131, 459-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.059
Friday, J.B. & Okano, D. (2006). Calophyllum inophyllum (kamani). Species Profile for Pacific Island Agroforestry. https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Fabrications-Objets-Outils-Produits/Huiles-essentielles/FICHES_PLANTES&HUILES/calophyllum%20inophyllum/Calophyllum%20inophyllum%20(Kamani).pdf
O'Neill, M., Darvill, A., Etzler, M., Mohnen, D., Perez, S., Mortimer, J., & Pauly, M. (2022). Viridiplantae and Algae. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK579936/#:~:text=Viridiplantae%20(green%20plants)%20are%20a,walls%20that%20typically%20contain%20cellulose.
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