Week 1: Circuits

Research Paper Link

Types of Engineering

Electrical engineering is an engineering field that focuses on the research and development of electronic systems, equipment, and devices.

Bioengineering is an engineering field that combines engineering with elements of medicine and biological studies to enhance health care.

Computer Engineering is an engineering field that integrates aspects of computer science and electrical engineering to design computer hardware, software, and systems.

Circuits: Series & Parallel

Overview:

A circuit creates a closed and complete loop of wires that electricity can efficiently flow through. The main components of a circuit's flow include the current, voltage, and resistance.

A current, usually measured in amperes (A), describes the rate of electrons flowing through the circuit.

A voltage, measured in volts, describes the pressure or force making the electrons flow and push electricity.

The resistance or resistors, measured in ohmmeters (ohms/Ω) is a force used to weaken the flow of the electric current and divide the voltage. Resistors make it easier to control the flow and prevent damage to other components of the circuit.

There are two basic electric circuits: parallel and series.

A parallel circuit can provide multiple paths (two or more) for a current to flow through. Even if one path becomes unavailable, there will still be a path open. The voltage in a parallel circuit remains the same throughout the circuit but the current is divided among the different paths but joins back together when the wires become connected again.

A series circuit only utilizes a single path for a current to flow through. Even if one component fails, the entire circuit can break. Unlike parallel circuits, the current doesn't divide at all, but the voltage does.

Parallel Circuit Activity

For our parallel circuit, we created a circuit that utilizes an LED light and two buttons. When we pushed down either or both buttons, the LED light was able to work.

Series Circuit Activity

For our series circuit, we created a circuit that utilizes two LED lights and two buttons. The LED lights would only work when both buttons were pushed down.

Boolean Algebra & Digital Logic

GATES

AND gate: the output is "true "only when all of its inputs are "true" and represented by a "D."

OR gate: the output is "true" when any of its inputs are "true" and represented by a crescent shaped "D".

NOT gate: the output is the opposite of the input and represented by a triangle rotated 90 degrees with a circle on the output end.

COVID Detection Circuit Project

OUR ALARM CIRCUIT

This (right image) is our alarm circuit. We used another breadboard with a D-Flip Flop and a 10 micro ohm capacitor to change the pulse of the speaker. At first, our speaker would not sound and we troubleshooted for awhile and tested each part of our circuit. All seemed fine, so we replaced the speaker with an LED to see if the speaker was the problem. The LED lit up, so we got a new speaker and that new speaker worked.

LOGIC MAP 1ST DRAFT

Black Line: Green Light

Brown Line: Yellow Light

Green Line: Red Light

Blue Line: Alarm System

We made this original logic map under the impression that we did not have access to XOR gates. When we realized that we did have access to XOR, we scratched this map and made a new one (below) to simplify.

LOGIC MAP FINAL

Black Line: Green LED

Brown Line: Yellow LED

Green Line: Red LED

Blue Line: Alarm

We made this logic maps using XOR gates. The alarm map and green light maps are the same as the one above, but the yellow and red maps are different, using XOR gates.

FINAL CIRCUIT

Labelled Final Circuit

Final Circuit in TinkerCAD

Video of Alarm Link

Research Paper

Research Paper G12 Week 1.docx

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