(jeanne deboudt)
A cell is composed by a cell membrane (4) all around which closes it, then full of the nutrient which helps the development of the cell, like ribosome (7) or lysosome (6) which are proteins, some RNA which is present in almost all living things, and also in some viruses, mitochondrions which are kinds of breathing apparatus: they help the cell to exercise breathing, plus a Golgi apparatus which is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that bind various sugar monomers to proteins as proteins move through the apparatus. Then a double membrane which protects the nucleus. And it's inside the latter that I find the DNA
In all biological species, including plants and animals, genes are made up of nucleotide sequences that make up fragments of DNA. Gene expression is obtained by transcribing its sequence into the corresponding RNA, then translating the RNA into protein, if necessary. Therefore, genes determine the characteristicsof an organism, such as various aspects of its morphology or physiology.
Plants, like all other living organisms, pass on their traits using DNA. Plants however are unique from other living organisms in which they have chloroplasts. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own DNA.
Genes are passed down from generation to generation by mechanisms that determine the rules of inheritance in animals, such as flies, mice or humans. In fact, these basic rules apply in all species whose cells contain a nucleus (eukaryotes), which also includes unicellular organisms, such as yeast or amoeba.
For this experience you will need:
a container
saliva
soap
salt
90 ° alcohol and a pipette to take it.
Step 1: Spit some of your saliva into the container, first massaging your cheeks so that as much DNA as possible comes off.
Step 2: To break up the fatty wall of the cells, add soap, as much as you have put in saliva.
Step 3: When the menbran is broken the DNA can come out but it is then engulfed by a thick layer of water. It is still impossible for us to see it. For this it is necessary to form a precipitate. We will therefore use a pinch of salt and mix.
Step 4: It is now necessary to add a large quantity of 90 ° alcohol so that the DNA sticks clump together. And now you can see your DNA with the naked eye.
In conclusion, this experiment allows us to see DNA with the naked eye