Black Hills Hydrogeology
The western South Dakota is a phenomenal field laboratory for studying hydrogeology for the course.
Schematic diagram showing simplified hydrologic setting of the Black Hills area
Schematic diagram showing various spring types found in the limestone headwater area
Releasing dye in the Sinkhole
Dye flowing into the Madison aquifer
Dye flowing out in Gravel Spring after 52 minutes
Cascade Springs
Doty Spring
Acid Mine Drainage (pH = 2.05)
The result of oxidation of sulfide minerals in rocks exposed to water and oxygen
USGS Madison Well drilled as an observation well in west Rapid City
(initial flow rate 400 gallons per minute)
Citation: Atlas of Water Resources in the Black Hills Area, South Dakota, USGS, 2002