Agriculture

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising livestock. Agriculture is one of the important programs in the echo village to feed people they'll live in. Plants are from the important resources to get food for animals and humans such as crops, vegetables, fruits and grass.

Farming

Animals are the main source of proteins so we've to raise them and feed them such as cows ,sheep ,goats (that can get milk from) and some types of birds (that can give us eggs) . We've to make fish farms and care about it very carefully.

Challenges that face agriculture and farming

Desertification

it is a natural disaster represented by the encroachment of sand on agricultural lands and the lack of watering of the fields.

Solution :

watering the fields at the normal rate and not in an excessive or less than required way. Using the modern methods of irrigation instead of primitive irrigation methods. Changing the farming tractors that hurt the environment by ones that work by electricity to be more safe and clean.

Soil Fertility

If the farmers kept the fertility of soil , we will avoid the occurrence of desertification. The fertility of soil is one of the important conditions to provide essential nutrients to plants, while supporting a diverse and active biotic community that helps the soil resist environmental degradation.

Animals' wastes

Animals' wastes hurt the environment as they produce methane gas which is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming .

Solution :

Farmers should enhance the soil inherent fertility by Crop rotation and tillage practices. Also to make plants grow and keep the soil fertility you shoud fertilize it. We can make organic fertilizers from animals' wastes so we can get rid of animals' wastes, methane gas and fertilize the soil at the same time. Also we can fertilize the soil by using organic fertilizations from human food waste as : eggshells and banana peels , and at the same time we are getting rid of these wastes without hurting the environment .

Chemical pesticides

Using chemical pesticides pollute the soil, water, turf, and other vegetation. Although chemical pesticides kill harmful insects and weeds , but they are also toxic to other organisms as birds , fish and beneficial insects .

Solution :

Using biopesticides instead of chemical ones , biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. For example, canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered biopesticides. They are inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides and they affect only the target pest and closely related organisms .

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