resources

Sources for Digital Diplomacy and Propoganda:

Barthel, M., Holcomb, J., & Mitchell, A. (2016, December 15). Many Americans believe fake news is sowing confusion. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2016/12/15/many-americans-believe-fake-news-is-sowing-confusion/ 

Bestvater, S., Smith, A., Anderson, M., Odabas, M., & Gelles-Watnick, R. (2023, June 29). 2. Americans’ views of and experiences with activism on social media. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/06/29/americans-views-of-and-experiences-with-activism-on-social-media/ 

Diplo Foundation. (n.d.). Digital Diplomacy in 2025: Geopolitics, topics, and tools. Digital Diplomacy. https://www.diplomacy.edu/topics/digital-diplomacy/ 

Jayatilaka, C. (2020, June 10). The effects of digital diplomacy on International Relations: Lessons for Sri Lanka. The Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute. https://lki.lk/publication/the-effects-of-digital-diplomacy-on-international-relations-a-lesson-for-sri-lanka/ 

Johns Hopkins University. (2024, November 15). Guides: Evaluating information: Propaganda, misinformation, disinformation. Propaganda, Misinformation, Disinformation - Evaluating Information - Guides at Johns Hopkins University. https://guides.library.jhu.edu/evaluate/propaganda-vs-misinformation 

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.-a). Diplomacy definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diplomacy 

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.-b). Propaganda definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/propaganda 

Oehrli, J. A., & Desai, S. (2024, November 9). Research guides: “Fake news,” lies and propaganda: How to sort fact from fiction: What is “fake news”? What is “Fake News”? - “Fake News,” Lies and Propaganda: How to Sort Fact from Fiction - Research Guides at University of Michigan Library. https://guides.lib.umich.edu/fakenews 

Social media manipulation by political actors an industrial scale. University of Oxford. (2021, January 13). https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2021-01-13-social-media-manipulation-political-actors-industrial-scale-problem-oxford-report 

What is the role of the internet in natural disasters and emergencies?  . Internet Society Foundation. (2024, September 18). https://www.isocfoundation.org/2024/07/what-is-the-role-of-the-internet-in-natural-disasters-and-emergencies/ 

Yildirim, P. (2020, August 17). How social media is Shaping Political Campaigns. Knowledge at Wharton. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/podcast/knowledge-at-wharton-podcast/how-social-media-is-shaping-political-campaigns/ 

Sources for Global Trade & e-Commerce:

https://pixabay.com/photos/container-port-ship-box-business-6751623/

  https://pixabay.com/photos/holiday-shopping-smartphone-1921658/ 

https://pixabay.com/photos/delivery-boxes-laptop-5585969/

https://pixabay.com/photos/book-cover-publish-a-book-online-2703451/ 

https://pixabay.com/photos/e-commerce-safety-payments-online-3228418/ 

https://pixabay.com/photos/stock-business-finance-investment-6955781/ 

https://www.canva.com/design/DAGi6lki5X4/VZGTZbMD7JYEElERJIsceQ/edit?utm_content=DAGi6lki5X4&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

Bloomenthal, A. (2024, September 24). E-commerce defined: types, history, and examples. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ecommerce.asp?utm_source=chatgpt.com 

Heakal, R. (2025, January 28). International (Global) Trade: Definition, Benefits, and criticisms. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/insights/what-is-international-trade/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfN8BnRJryQ

Masoner, L. (2024, November 13). What is E-Commerce?: A comprehensive introduction. Forbes Advisor. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/what-is-ecommerce/?utm_source=chatgpt.com#how_e_commerce_works_section 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bihfBdhY32c

Saili. (2024, November 5). How E-commerce is Driving New Trends in Global Trade and Logistics. Global Trade Magazine. https://www.globaltrademag.com/how-e-commerce-is-driving-new-trends-in-global-trade-and-logistics/ 

Forbes Advisor. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/what-is-ecommerce/?utm_source=chatgpt.com#how_e_commerce_works_section  

Resources For Social Media and Global Communication:

https://pixabay.com/vectors/art-borders-boy-child-chromatic-2026073/ https://pixabay.com/illustrations/family-health-hands-security-2073604/ https://pixabay.com/vectors/alphabet-word-images-crowd-1294992/

https://pixabay.com/vectors/the-science-microscope-experiment-9564820/ https://pixabay.com/illustrations/tree-structure-networks-internet-200795/

https://pixabay.com/photos/laptop-iphone-workspace-hands-614213/ 

Hang, L. (2024). The Impact of Social Media on Modern Communication: Evolution and Future Prospects. Global Media Journal, 22(72), 471. https://www.globalmediajournal.com/open-access/the-impact-of-social-media-on-modern-communication-evolution-and-future-prospects.pdf 

California Learning Resource Network. (n.d.). How has social media improved human communication? CLRN. https://www.clrn.org/how-has-social-media-improved-human-communication/ 

Resources For Telecommunications

Anderson, J. Q. (2005). Imagining the internet: Personalities, predictions, Perspectives. Rowman & Littlefield.

Briglauer, W., Krämer, J., & Palan, N. (2024). Socioeconomic benefits of high-speed broadband availability and service adoption: A survey. Telecommunications Policy, 48(7), 102808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2024.102808

DFARS. 239.7401 Definitions. | Acquisition.GOV. (n.d.). https://www.acquisition.gov/dfars/239.7401
definitions.#:~:text=%E2%80%9CTelecommunications%E2%80%9D%20means%20the%20transmission%2C,electromagnetic%2C%20or%20acoustically%20coupl ed%20means.

Kijratanakoson, N. (2022). Sources of Telecommunication. Journal of Mass Communication & Journalism, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7912

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Telecommunication definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/telecommunication

Monga, S. (2024, December 24). Telecom services: Importance & Role in modern communication. Plutus Blog. https://plutuseducation.com/blog/telecom-
services/#:~:text=Benefits%20of%20Telecommunication%20Services,flexible%20business%20models%2C%20increasing%20productivity.

Oladele, O. K. (2024, July). (PDF) impact of telecommunications on global economic development. Impact of Telecommunications on Global Economic Development.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384964715_Impact_of_Telecommunications_on_Global_Economic_Development