ABSTRACT

Researcher: Darwin S. Nool

Institution: Pangasinan State University

School of Advance Studies

Urdaneta City Campus

Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

Date of Graduation June 2019

Title: PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES OF “PAPAIT” (Glinus oppositifolius Linn.) CRUDE LEAF EXTRACT

Adviser Honelly Mae S. Cascolan, Ph.D.

Keywords: Crude Leaf Extract, Antioxidant Activity, Teratogenic Effects, Cytotoxicity, LC₅₀

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The study was conducted to determined functional activities of “Papait” in terms of Antioxidant Activity, Teratogenic Effects and Cytotoxicity Activity. It further involved the identification of active chemical constituents of “Papait”.

The “Papait” crude leaf extract were subjected to Phytochemical Screening to identify the active chemical constituents available in the leaves. Standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazy (DPPH) Radical scavenging Assay and Determination of Total Phenolic Content using Spectrophotometer was conducted to identify the Antioxidant Activity of the sample. Danio rerio Teratogenic Assay was used to test the Teratogenic Effects. Lastly, to determine the Cytotoxicity activity of Papait, Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity Assay was used for the assay and its mortality was recorded after 24 hours in different concentrations. The LD50 value or the dose required to kill 50% of the population sample (ILPI, 2016) was also presented.

Based on the data gathered, the findings are hereby presented. “Papait” crude leaf extract contains Phenols, Sterols, Triterpenes, Essential Oils, Anthraquinones, Coumarins, Anthrones, Tannins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Sugar, and Fatty acid. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that the Papait extract (21.43%) as comparable with known antioxidant component Cathechin (66.96%) of DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The mean absorbance was also reported where the Papait extract got a percent difference of 81.6% and is significantly different (P < 0.05) compared to the control sample. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method, the total phenolic content of the Papait extract was 24.42 mg GAE/g. Furthermore, based on the promising results of Danio rerio Teratogenic Assay the treatments with 0 (control), 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm concentration of Papait extract has 0 percentage morality. Moreover, 100% morality just after 12 hours of exposure was observed in 1000 ppm concentration and 10000 ppm concentration of the Glinus oppositifolius Linn. extracts. Lastly, Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity Assay showed 0% mortality in 0 ppm concentration (control), 6.67% in 1 ppm concentration of extract, 23.33% of mortality in 10 ppm concentration, 43.33% in 100 ppm, 93.33% in 1000 ppm, and lastly, 100% mortality in 10000 ppm concentration. Also, the lethal dose value is 56.169 ppm. That is, it is required to have 56.169 ppm dose of Papait sample to kill half of the population of shrimp eggs.

Based on the findings, the researcher concluded extracts of crude “Papait” (Glinus oppositifolius Linn.) contained phytochemicals with valuable pharmacological properties. The “Papait” leaf extract have higher mean absorbance value obtained as compared to the control (Cathechin) indicates that the “Papait” leaf extract have low antioxidant activity. The higher concentrations of the sample the higher the Teratogenic effects of the extracts is. Among the six samples, one thousand and ten thousand ppm concentration have a one hundred percent of mortality to the zebra fish. Lastly, on the Cytotoxicity Activity of “Papait” leaf extract was observed in higher concentrations of the sample. The ability of the sample to destruct cells is highly detected in a higher concentration of the extracts.

Various plant species are yet to be investigated and discovered for their advantageous properties especially for the medical field. Further investigations on various natural resources and their properties are recommended. For more thorough research in the future, it is recommended to have a comparative study various plants and their different plant properties so that more significant results may be drawn out. With the results of the said study, various natural resources and their properties could be known and used to develop novel drugs for therapeutic treatments.