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Sedimentary
Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding, that are made up of different rocks and organisms
(how it forms)
Weathering → erosion → deposition → compassion → cementation
(characteristics)
rock pieces, small pieces, grainy, cemented
Igneous
Igneous
Igneous rocks form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. The melting starts deep within the Earth near the active plate boundaries or hot spots, then rises toward the surface.
(how it forms)
Melting → freezing
(characteristics)
shiny, crystals, spots, random
Metamorphic
Metamorphic
Metamorphic rocks started out as originally an igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are put through high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.
(how it forms)
Heat and Pressure
(characteristics)
shiny, crystals, stripes/bands
The three main rock types are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Crystallization, erosion and sedimentation, and metamorphism transform one rock type into another or change sediments into rock. The rock cycle describes the transformations of one type of rock to another.
Large bed load clasts are pushed (by traction) or bounced along the bottom (saltation), while smaller clasts are suspended in the water and kept there by the turbulence of the flow. As the flow velocity changes, different-sized clasts may be either incorporated into the flow or deposited on the bottom.
If the magma cools slowly, then the crystals have enough time to grow and become large.
If differential stress is present during metamorphism, it can have a profound effect on the texture of the rock. Rounded grains can become flattened in the direction of maximum compressional stress.
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