Alternative CRISPR-Cas Systems

As demonstrated in the previous sections, CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12a can be employed in multiple model organisms, achieving genome editing, transcription regulation, and other modifications such as base editing. However, the potential of CRISPR-Cas systems is not limited to Cas9 and Cas12a alone. This section introduces several alternative systems that also show great promise: Cas12b mediating high specificity genome editing/regulation, and Cas13 with its ability to target and modify RNA.