Date: December 10, 2019
Entity: H.R.2500 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
Definition: "Gender Identity Defined.—In this section, the term ‘gender identity’ means the gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, regardless of the individual’s designated sex at birth.”
Website:
https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2500/text
Archive Link:
Date: April 30, 2019
Entity: Dictionary.com
Definition: Gender identity: a person's inner sense of being male or female, usually developed during early childhood as a result of parental rearing practices and societal influences and strengthened during puberty by hormonal changes.
Website:
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/gender-identity
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190430203743/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/gender-identity
Date: April 30, 2019
Entity: Merriam Webster
Definition: a person's internal sense of being male, female, some combination of male and female, or neither male nor female
Website:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gender%20identity
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gender%20identity
Date: April 30, 2019
Entity: Human Rights Campaign (HRC)
Definition: One's innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both or neither – how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves. One's gender identity can be the same or different from their sex assigned at birth.
Website:
https://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions
Archive Link:
Date: April 30, 2019
Entity: Lambda Legal
Definition: Gender identity is an individual’s inner sense of being male or female.
Website:
https://www.lambdalegal.org/protected-and-served/glossary#Gender%20identity
Archive Link:
Date: April 30, 2019
Entity: GLAAD
Definition: Gender identity is a person's internal, personal sense of being a man or a woman (or boy or girl.)
Website:
https://www.glaad.org/transgender/transfaq
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190430173722/https://www.glaad.org/transgender/transfaq
Date: March 28, 2019
Entity: Walter Bocktin, Columbia EDU
Definition: Gender identity is one’s basic sense of being a boy or girl, man or woman, or other gender, such as trans or nonbinary. Gender identity may differ from one’s sex assigned at birth, typically assigned as male or female based on the appearance of the external genitalia at birth. Gender identity and sexual orientation are distinct components of one’s overall sexual identity; gender identity is about your own gender, whereas sexual orientation is about the genders of your sexual or romantic attractions and partners.
Website:
https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/gender-identity-5-questions-walter-bockting
Archive Link:
Date: March, 2019
Entity: H.R.5 — 116th Congress (2019-2020)
Definition: The term ‘gender identity’ means the gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, regardless of the individual’s designated sex at birth.
Website:
https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/5/text
Archive Link:
Date: November 23, 2018
Entity: United Nations
Definition: Gender identity reflects a deeply felt and experienced sense of one’s own gender. Everyone has a gender identity, which is part of their overall identity. A person’s gender identity is typically aligned with the sex assigned to them at birth. Transgender (sometimes shortened to “trans”) is an umbrella term used to describe people with a wide range of identities – including transsexual people, cross-dressers (sometimes referred to as “transvestites”), people who identify as third gender, and others whose appearance and characteristics are seen as gender atypical and whose sense of their own gender is different to the sex that they were assigned at birth. Trans women identify as women but were classified as males when they were born. Trans men identify as men but were classified female when they were born. Cisgender is a term used to describe people whose sense of their own gender is aligned with the sex that they were assigned at birth. Gender identity is distinct from sexual orientation and sex characteristics.
Website:
https://www.unfe.org/definitions/
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20181123084621/https://www.unfe.org/definitions/
Date: October 21, 2018
Entity: University of California, Davis
Definition: Gender Identity: A sense of one’s self as trans*, genderqueer, woman, man, or some other identity, which may or may not correspond with the sex and gender one is assigned at birth.
Website:
https://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20181021080513/https://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary
Date: October 16, 2018
Entity: Sally Hines Professor of Sociology
Definition: Gender identity refers to each person’s internal sense of being male, female, a combination of the two, or neither. It is a core part of who people know themselves to be.
Website:
https://arcdigital.media/what-is-gender-identity-10ce0da71999
Archive Link:
Date: May 23, 2018
Entity: Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration
Definition: Gender identity refers to how an individual identifies the self as belonging to the male (that is, boy or man), female (that is, girl or woman), or some other gender category (for example, gender non-conforming – see definition below).
Website:
https://www.albuquerque.va.gov/docs/ProvidingHealthCareforTransgenderandIntersexVeterans.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: November 9, 2017
Entity: Planned Parenthood
Definition: Gender identity is how you feel inside and how you express your gender through clothing, behavior, and personal appearance. It’s a feeling that begins very early in life.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: September 2, 2017
Entity: The Trevor Project
Definition: Gender identity: Our internal, personal sense of what our gender is. Everyone has a gender identity.
Website:
https://www.thetrevorproject.org/trvr_support_center/glossary/
Archive Link:
Date: June 8, 2017
Entity: Boston Children's Hospital
Definition: Gender identity (noun) is the internal perception of one’s gender, and how a person labels themselves based on how much they align or don’t align with what they understand their options for gender to be. Common identity labels include man, woman, genderqueer, trans and other diverse gender identities. Gender is not to be confused with sex assigned at birth or “biological sex.”
Website:
https://notes.childrenshospital.org/clinicians-guide-gender-identity-pronoun-use/
Archive Link:
Date: March 24, 2017
Entity: CBS News
Definition: Gender identity: A person’s innermost concept of self as man, woman, a blend of both, or neither – how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves. Gender identity can be the same or different from one’s sex assigned at birth.
Website:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/transgender-gender-identity-terms-glossary/
Archive Link:
Date: March 22, 2017
Entity: Center For Primary Care Harvard Medical School
Definition: Gender Identity: One's internal sense of being male, female, neither, both, or another gender. Everyone has a gender identity. For transgender and gender non-conforming people, their sex assigned at birth, or natal sex, and their internal sense of gender identity are not the same.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: February 17, 2017
Entity: Andrew Park, Director, International Programs The Williams Institute on the Study of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Definition: Gender identity is understood to refer to each person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth, including the personal sense of the body (which may involve, if freely chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function by medical, surgical or other means) and other expressions of gender, including dress, speech and mannerisms.
Website:
https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Yogyakarta-Review-SOGI-Definition.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: February 12, 2017
Entity: Dictionary.Cambridge.org
Definition: Gender identity: a person's feeling of having a particular gender
Website:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/gender-identity
Archive Link:
Date: December 22, 2016
Entity: U.S. Department Of State, The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA)
Definition: Gender Identity(identidad de género) -An individual’s internal, deeply felt sense of being a man, a woman,both,neither, or in-between. This may or may not match the individual’s biological or legal sex.
Website:
https://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/sogi_terminology.pdf
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20161222141658/https://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/sogi_terminology.pdf
Date: October, 2016
Entity: GLAAD Media Reference Guide
Definition: Gender Identity A person's internal, deeply held sense of their gender. For transgender people, their own internal gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. Most people have a gender identity of man or woman (or boy or girl). For some people, their gender identity does not fit neatly into one of those two choices (see non-binary and/or genderqueer below.) Unlike gender expression (see below) gender identity is not visible to others.
Website:
http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/GLAAD-Media-Reference-Guide-Tenth-Edition.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: September 13, 2016
Entity: Transgender Law Center, Civil Action No. 1:16-cv-2431
Definition: Gender identity—a person’s deeply felt understanding of their own gender—is the determining factor of a person’s sex.
A person’s gender identity may be different from or the same as the person’s sex assigned at birth. Gender identity is often established as early as two or three years of age, though a person’s recognition of their gender identity can emerge at any time. There is a medical consensus that efforts to change a person’s gender identity are ineffective, unethical, and harmful.
Website:
http://transgenderlawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Filed-Complaint-Doe-v-Pence.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: July 9, 2016
Entity: National Center For Transgender Equality
Definition: Gender identity is your internal knowledge of your gender – for example, your knowledge that you’re a man, a woman, or another gender.
Website:
https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-transgender-people-the-basics
Archive Link:
Date: May 9, 2016
Entity: U.S. Government vs. North Carolina, 1:16-cv-00425 #1
Definition: 31. An individual’s “sex” consists of multiple factors, which may not always be in
alignment. Among those factors are hormones, external genitalia, internal reproductive organs,
chromosomes, and gender identity, which is an individual’s internal sense of being male or
female.
32. For individuals who have aspects of their sex that are not in alignment, the
person’s gender identity is the primary factor in terms of establishing that person’s sex. External
genitalia are, therefore, but one component of sex and not always determinative of a person’s
sex.
33. Although there is not yet one definitive explanation for what determines gender
identity, biological factors, most notably sexual differentiation in the brain, have a role in gender
identity development.
34. Transgender individuals are individuals who have a gender identity that does not
match the sex they were assigned at birth. A transgender man’s sex is male and a transgender
woman’s sex is female.
35. A transgender individual may begin to assert a gender identity inconsistent with
their sex assigned at birth at any time from early childhood through adulthood. The decision by
transgender individuals to assert their gender identity publicly is a deeply personal one that is
made by the individual, often in consultation with family, medical and health care providers, and
others.
36. Gender identity is innate and external efforts to change a person’s gender identity
can be harmful to a person’s health and well-being.
37. Gender identity and transgender status are inextricably linked to one’s sex and are
sex-related characteristics.
Website:
http://files.eqcf.org/cases/116-cv-00425-1/
Archive Link:
Date: May 8, 2016
Entity: U.S. Government, Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Section 1557)
Definition: Gender identity. We proposed that the term “gender identity” means an individual's internal sense of gender, which may be different from an individual's sex assigned at birth. We noted that the way an individual expresses gender identity is frequently called “gender expression,” and may or may not conform to stereotypes associated with a particular gender. We also noted in the proposed rule that gender may be expressed through, for example, dress, grooming, mannerisms, speech patterns, and social interactions. For purposes of this part, we proposed that an individual has a transgender identity when the individual's gender identity is different from the sex assigned to that person at birth; an individual with a transgender identity is referred to in this part as a transgender individual. In the proposed rule, we noted that the approach taken in the proposed definition is consistent with the approach taken by the Federal government in similar matters.[42]
Comment: Several commenters suggested that we revise the definition of “gender identity” to reference non-binary identities in order to avoid ambiguity regarding application of the rule to individuals with non-binary gender identities. Some commenters noted that explicitly referencing non-binary identities in this definition would be important to avoid any doubt or misinterpretation given that gender has often been assumed to be binary, thus ignoring or marginalizing individuals with non-binary gender identities.
Response: OCR has made a slight change to the definition of “gender identity” to insert the clause “which may be male, female, neither, or a combination of male and female.” The insertion of this clause helps clarify that those individuals with non-binary gender identities are protected under the rule.
Website:
Date: June, 2015
Entity: U.S. Government, Office Of Personnel Management
Definition: Gender identity means one’s inner sense of one’s own gender, which may or may not match the sex assigned at birth. Different people choose to express their gender identity differently. For some, gender may be expressed through, for example, dress, grooming, mannerisms, speech patterns, and social interactions. Gender expression usually ranges between masculine and feminine, and some transgender people express their gender consistent with how they identify internally, rather than in accordance with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: May 16, 2015
Entity: GLAAD
Definition: Gender identity is a person's internal, personal sense of being a man or a woman (or someone outside of that gender binary).
Website:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150516150126/https://www.glaad.org/transgender/transfaq
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150516150126/https://www.glaad.org/transgender/transfaq
Date: March 29, 2015
Entity: Planned Parenthood
Definition: Gender identity is how we feel about and express our gender and gender roles — clothing, behavior, and personal appearance. It is a feeling that we have as early as age two or three.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: 2015
Entity: American Psychological Association (APA)
Definition:
APA Dictionary of Psychology (2015)
Gender Identity: one’s self-identification as male or female. Although the dominant approach in psychology for many years had been to regard gender identity as residing in individuals, the important influence of societal structures, cultural expectations, and personal interactions in its development is now recognized as well. Significant evidence now exists to support the conceptualization of gender identity as influenced by both environmental and biological factors.
Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People (December, 2015)
Gender Identity: A person’s deeply‐felt, inherent sense of being a boy, a man, or male; a girl, a woman, or female; or an alternative gender (e.g., genderqueer, gender nonconforming, gender neutral) that may or may not correspond to a person’s sex assigned at birth or to a person’s primary or secondary sex characteristics. Since gender identity is internal, a person’s gender identity is not necessarily visible to others. “Affirmed gender identity” refers to a person’s gender identity after coming out as TGNC or undergoing a social and/or medical transition process.
Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients (January, 2012)
Gender identity refers to “one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or transgender” (American Psychological Association, 2006). When one’s gender identity and biological sex are not congruent, the individual may identify as transsexual or as another transgender category (cf. Gainor, 2000)
Website:
https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/sexuality-definitions.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: August, 2014
Entity: GLAAD Media Reference Guide
Definition: Gender Identity: One’s internal, deeply held sense of one’s gender. For transgender people, their own internal gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. Most people have a gender identity of man or woman (or boy or girl). For some people, their gender identity does not fit neatly into one of those two choices. Unlike gender expression (see below) gender identity is not visible to others.
Website:
http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/GLAAD%20MRG_9th.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: January 15, 2014
Entity: National Center For Transgender Equality
Definition: Gender Identity: An individual’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else. Since gender identity is internal, one’s gender identity is not necessarily visible to others.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: May 3, 2013
Entity: GLAD Amicus Brief, Doe vs. Clenchy
Definition: A transgender child is one whose gender identity—a person’s basic sense of being male or female—differs from that typically associated with the sex assigned to him/her at birth. Gender identity is a deeply felt, core component of a person’s identity. The factors that influence whether a person’s gender identity is male or female are not known with precision; however, existing evidence suggests that gender identity is either innate or fixed at an early age, and likely has a strong biological and genetic component. Children usually start to become aware of their gender identity between the ages of 18 months and 3 years.
Website:
https://www.glad.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2013-05-03-doe-v-clenchy-amicus-brief-final.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: January, 2012
Entity: American Psychological Association (APA)
Definition:
Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients (January, 2012)
Gender identity refers to “one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or transgender” (American Psychological Association, 2006). When one’s gender identity and biological sex are not congruent, the individual may identify as transsexual or as another transgender category (cf. Gainor, 2000)
Website:
https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/amp-a0024659.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: November 23, 2011
Entity: Commonwealth Of Massachusetts
Definition: “Gender identity” shall mean a person's gender-related identity, appearance or behavior, whether or not that gender-related identity, appearance or behavior is different from that traditionally associated with the person's physiology or assigned sex at birth.
Website:
https://malegislature.gov/Laws/SessionLaws/Acts/2011/Chapter199
Archive Link:
Date: 2011
Entity: WPATH
Definition: Gender identity: A person’s intrinsic sense of being male (a boy or a man), female (a girl or woman), or an alternative gender (e.g., boygirl, girlboy, transgender, genderqueer, eunuch) (Bockting, 1999; Stoller, 1964).
Website:
https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Documents/SOC%20v7/SOC%20V7_English.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: 2010
Entity: GLAAD Media Reference Guide
Definition: Gender Identity One’s internal, personal sense of being a man or a woman (or a boy or a girl). For transgender people, their birth-assigned sex and their own internal sense of gender identity do not match.
Website:
https://www.glaad.org/files/MediaReferenceGuide2010.pdf
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190810145843/https://www.glaad.org/files/MediaReferenceGuide2010.pdf
Date: May, 2009
Entity: National Center For Transgender Equality
Definition: Gender identity refers to the way you understand yourself and your gender. It is about the internal sense of masculinity or femininity that a person feels.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: April 24, 2009
Entity: Merriam Webster
Definition: Gender identity: the totality of physical and behavioral traits that are designated by a culture as masculine or feminine
Website:
https://web.archive.org/web/20090424045050/http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/gender%20identity
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20090424045050/http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/gender%20identity
Date: 2009
Entity: American Psychological Association (APA)
Definition: Gender identity refers to a person’s basic sense of being male, female, or of indeterminate sex (Stoller, 1968).
Website:
https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/policy/gender-identity-report.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: May, 2007
Entity: GLAAD Media Reference Guide
Definition: Gender Identity: One’s internal, personal sense of being a man or a woman (or a boy or girl). For transgender people, their birth-assigned sex and their own internal sense of gender identity do not match.
Website:
http://www.stonewallpinellas.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/GLAAD_MediaRefGuide_7thEdition.pdf
Archive Link:
Date: 2006
Entity: Deana F. Morrow and Lori Messinger (2006, ISBN 0231501862), p. 8
Definition: Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as masculine or feminine, or some combination thereof.
Website:
https://www.amazon.com/Sexual-Orientation-Gender-Expression-Practice/dp/0231127294
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity#cite_note-MorrowMessinger-1
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190831191512/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity
Date: Spring 2003
Entity: GLAAD Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual& Transgender Media Reference Guide
Definition: Gender Identity: One’s personal sense of being a man or a woman (or a boy or girl.) For transgender people, their birth-assigned sex and their own internal sense of gender identity do not match.
Website:
https://web.archive.org/web/20040221121000/http://www.glaad.org/documents/media/GLAAD_MRG_5thEd.pdf
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20040221121000/http://www.glaad.org/documents/media/GLAAD_MRG_5thEd.pdf
Date: January 31, 2000
Entity: STATE OF CONNECTICUT COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Definition: We adopt the definition of "gender identity" as "having or being perceived as having a self-image, expression or identity not traditionally associated with one’s sex at birth". We further note that, "This definition is intended to include pre-operative and post operative transsexuals, [transgendered] people, and cross-dressers [transvestites].
Website:
https://www.ct.gov/chro/cwp/view.asp?a=2526&Q=315942
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190827165345/https://www.ct.gov/chro/cwp/view.asp?a=2526&Q=315942
Date: 1994
Entity: John Money
Definition: The term "gender role" appeared in print first in 1955. The term "gender identity" was used in a press release, November 21, 1966, to announce the new clinic for transsexuals at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. It was disseminated in the media worldwide, and soon entered the vernacular. The definitions of gender and gender identity vary on a doctrinal basis. In popularized and scientifically debased usage, sex is what you are biologically; gender is what you become socially; gender identity is your own sense or conviction of maleness or femaleness; and gender role is the cultural stereotype of what is masculine and feminine.
Website:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7996589
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190430172342/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7996589
Date: 1972
Entity: John Money, Ehrhardt
Definition: The sameness, unity and persistence of one’s individuality as a male, female or ambivalent, in greater or lesser degree, especially as it is experienced in self-awareness and behavior; gender identity is the private experience of gender role, and gender role is the public expression of gender identity .
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: 1964
Entity: Robert J. Stoller
Definition: Almost everyone starts to develop from birth on a fundamental sense of belonging to one sex. The child's awareness, "I am a male" or "I am a female," is visible to an observer in the first year of life. This aspect of one's overall sense of identity can conceptualized as a core gender identity, produced by the infant-parents relationship, the child's perception of its external genitalia, and a biologic force which results from the biological variables of sex.
Website:
Archive Link:
Date: 1964
Entity: Robert J. Stoller
Definition: Gender identity is the sense of knowing to which sex one belongs, that is, the awareness ‘I am a male’ or ‘I am a female.’
Website:
https://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=ijp.045.0220a
Archive Link:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190827183025/https://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=ijp.045.0220a