On-going projects...

D. Kim* et al., “Biosensors” - in submission
H. Ji†, J. Lee†, D. Kim* et al., “n-type thermoelectrics” - in preparation
S. K. Arumugasamy, D. Kim* et al., “Moist-electric generators” - in preparation
S. K. Arumugasamy, D. Kim et al., “HER catalysts” - in submission
S. Prabu, D. Kim* et al., “Seawater splitting” - in submission
S. Prabu, D. Kim* et al., “Supercapacitors” - in preparation
S. Prabu, D. Kim* et al., “Electrochemical catalysts” - in preparation
N. Jyothi, D. Kim* et al., “Integrated energy harvesters” - in preparation
H. Mahajan, D. Kim* et al., “Multi-harvesting materials” - in preparation
D. Kim* et al., “Persepctive-Fiber electronics” - under revision (npj Flex. Electron.)
D. Kim* et al., “Research Highlight-Self-powered sensors” - under revision (Int. J. Extreme Manuf.)

2026

1. H. Park†, J. Kim†, M. Kim†, C. Noh, S. Myoung, H. Lim, J. Han, C. Park, C. Choi, E. Lee, S. Park*, D. Kim*, G. Lee*, “Human Skin-Inspired Flexible Pressure Sensor with Multi-Modulus Porous Structure”, Adv. Electron. Mater., 12(4), e00629 [DOI]

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2025-00516030, RS-2025-25413074, RS-2025-2352005, RS-2025-16069325), the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) (RS-2022-KI002581, HRD Program for Industrial Innovation) and grants from Kwangwoon University (2023).

2025

15. J. Jin†, J. Won†, D. Kim†, S. K. Arumugasamy, S. Park*, T.-W. Kim*, “Integrated Circuits on Fiber Substrate: State-of-the-Art System-on-Fiber Technologies for Smart Textiles and Wearables”, Nano-Micro Lett., 18, 232 (2026) [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00220077) and by the Ministry of Science and ICT (RS-2024-00403639, RS-2025-25413074).

14. J. G. Lee†, H. Ji†, E. Ok, H. Lee, G. Lee, S. Park, D. Kim*, K. Cho*, “High-Performance n-Type Thermoelectric Polymers via Ion-Exchange Tuning of Polaron-Cation Interactions”, Small, 22(7), e11108 (2026) [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2025-24523645, RS-2025-00516030, RS-2025-25413074).

13. J. Kim†, M. Zarei†, D. Zahra, Y. Lee*, D. Kim*, S. G. Lee*, “Highly Sensitive, Oxidation-Resistant, and Degradable Janus Piezoresistive Sensor for Sustainable Wearable Electronics”, Adv. Healthc. Mater., Online published [DOI]
📍Highlighted : 한빛사

The part of the work carried out at the University of Ulsan was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2021-NR060113, 2025-RISE-07-001), the Ministry of Science and ICT (RS-2024-00456141, RS-2025-25413074), and the Technology Innovation Program (RS-2025-02413656) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). The part of the work carried out at Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute was supported by grants from the KERI primary research program (23A01023).

12. R. Gu, C. Liu, S. Park*, N. Xu, D. Kim, R. Zhang, C. Lee, Z. L. Wang*, Q. Sun* “Triboelectric Nanogenerators: from Nano Energy to Extreme Manufacturing”, Int. J. Extreme Manuf., 8, 023001 (2026) [DOI]

This work is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program from Ministry of Science and Technology (2023YFB3208102) and Beijing Nova Program (20250484794). This work is also fund by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (Grant No. RS-2024-00403639, RS-2024-00403163, and RS-2025-25413074).

11. D. Kim†, D. Jeong†, K. Kim, D. Lee, J. Sung, H. Jang, K. Han, E. Lee*, G. Y. Bae*, “Brain-Inspired Topological Surface Modulation for Advanced Nonvolatility in Organic Artificial Synapses”, Small, 21(51), e05745 (2025) [DOI][Back Cover]
📍Highlighted : 대구일보, 연합뉴스, etnews, 머니투데이, 동아사이언스, 더팩트

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2022-NR072040, RS-2025-00516030, RS-2025-25413074), and the Ministry of Education (RS-2022-NR075810). This work was also supported by the Korea Planning & Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (RS-2024-00420537) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE). The authors thank PAL for the GIWAXS measurement at beamline 9A.

10. D. Kim†, H. Kim†, J.-M. Seo, I. Jeon*, H. Lee*, B. Kang*, “Recent Trends in Conjugated Polymer-Based Thermoelectrics From Materials To Device”, EcoMat, 7(10), e70029. [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2023-NR076607, RS-2025-00516030, RS-2025-25413074, and RS-2025-23523476). This research was also supported by the Nano and Material Technology Development Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (Grant No. RS-2024-00403639).

9. J. Joung†, J. Kim†, D. Kim*, “Towards Out-of-Studio Motion Capture Through Wearable Sensors”, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 155, 248-279 (2026) [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2025-00516030, RS-2025-25413074).

8. H. Lim†, S. Kim†, H. Park, S. Myoung, C. Park, E. Lee, D. Kim*, G. Lee*, “Magnetically Aligned Tetragonal FeS as Anode for Improved Rate Capability in Sodium Ion Batteries”, Adv. Sus. Sys., 9(12), e00867 (2025) [DOI] [Back Cover]

This study was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2025-00516030, RS-2025-25413074) and Kwangwoon University (2024).

7. H. Ji†, J. Lee†, D. Kim*, K. Cho*, “High-performance organic thermoelectric materials based on n-type conjugated polymers via chemical isomerization-induced charge transport modulation”, Mater. Horiz., 12(21), 9250 (2025) [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2025-25413074, RS-2025-00516030 and RS-2023-00234757). The authors thank the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for providing the synchrotron radiation source at 3C, 9A, and 4D beamlines used in this study.

6. D. Kim†, J. Won†, H. Park†, J.-G. Choi*, S. Park*, G. Lee*, “Towards the 3rd Generation of Smart Farming: Materials, Devices, and Systems for E-Plant Technologies”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 36(3), e12264 (2026). [DOI]

This study was supported by the Korea Government grants funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (Grant Nos. IITP-2023-2020-0-01461, RS-2023-00213089, RS-2024-00403639, and RS-2024-00403163, RS-2025-00516030), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) (Grant Nos. P0017805 and RS-2022-00154781), and the Ministry of Education (MOE) (Grant No. RS-2023-00220077). This study was also supported by grants from Kwangwoon University (2023), and the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE) (RS-2022-KI002581, HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).

5. Y. Lee†, S. H. Kim†, D. Kim, H. Lee*, “Effect of Polymer Crystallinity on the Spatial Distribution of Dopant in Sequentially Solution-Doped Conjugated Polymer Thin Films”, Macromol. Res., 33, 1185 (2025). [DOI]

Y. Lee and S. H. Kim contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2022-00166297). This work was also supported by the Gachon University Research Fund of 2023 (GCU-202301060001). The authors would like to thank the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for providing synchrotron radiation sources at the 3C and 9A beamlines used in this study.

4. D. Kim†, J. Min†, K.-J. Jeong†, E. Ok, J. Im, H. H. Choi, G. Lee, C. Y. Son*, K. Cho*, “Stoichiometric Anion Exchange by Low-Dielectric-Constant Solvent for Highly-Doped Conjugated Polymers with Enhanced Environmental Stability”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 13, 18966 (2025). [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (RS-2023-00234757, RS-2025-00516030). GIWAXS was carried out on the 9A U-SAXS and 3C SAXS-I beamlines at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PLS-II), Republic of Korea.

3. S. Myoung, G. Lee*, D. Kim*, “Facile Transition of Surface Wettability in Hierarchical Silica Framework: From Wenzel to Cassie-Baxter Regime”, Macromol. Res., 33, 1117-1123 (2025). [DOI]

This work was supported by Gachon University (202400890001), and Kwangwoon University (2024).

2. H. Park, J. Han, S. Myoung, M. Kim, H. Lim, D. Kim*, G. Lee*, “Non-invasive wearable sensors for monitoring plant health”, Macromol. Res., 33, 691 (2025). [DOI]

This study was supported by grants from Kwangwoon University (2024) and Gachon University (202400890).

1. S. H. Lim, G. Kim, S. Cho, Y. K. Kim, E. B. Ko, S. Y. Choi, J. A Heo, D. Kim, H. Yoo, S.-Y. Lee, Y. Kim, P.-R. Cha, D. Y. Lee, S. Lee, B. C. Jang, Y. Kim, H. H. Kim*, “Ultrafast and Universal Synthetic Route for Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides Directly Grown on Substrates”, Adv. Mater., 37(16), 2418407 (2025). [DOI][Back Cover]

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (2021R1C1C1012394 and 2022M3H4A1A04085325), Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant funded by the Korea government (MOTIE) (No. RS-2024-00420534), DGIST Start-up Fund (2025010030), and R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT (25-ET-02).

2024

4. D. Kim†, M.-E. Kim†, H. Kim, J. Lee, J. Lee, H. Lee, D. Lee, N.-E. Lee, B. Kang*, “Stepwise Curing Induced All-Stretchable Thermoelectric Generator of high Power Density”, Small, 21(5), 2406662 (2025). [DOI][Frontispiece]
📍Highlighted : 뉴시스, 이뉴스투데이, 이코노미사이언스

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of Korea (No. 2023R1A2C1005015), by the International Research & Development Program of the NRF of Korea funded by the MSIT of Korea (2022K1A4A7A04094482), and by the Nano & Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT (No. RS-2024-00403639). This work was also supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE) (P0023521, HRD Program for Industrial Innovation). The authors thank the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) for providing access to the synchrotron radiation sources at the 3C beamlines used in this study.

3. D. Kim*, “PEDOT:PSS-based high-performance thermoelectric materials”, Macromol. Res., 32, 1187 (2024). [DOI]

This research was supported by research fund of Gachon University. Gachon University, 202400890001

2. G. Lee†, S. Lee†, D. Kim, S. H. Kim, C. Choi, S. G. Lee*, K. Cho*, “Anisotropic Fluorinated-Elastomer-Blended Micro-Dominoes for Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 34(32), 2316288 (2024). [DOI]

The present research has been conducted by the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2023. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (2021M3C1C3097512, RS-2023-00234757) and the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A1A03038858).

1. D. Kim†, J. Kim†, S. Chung, K. Cho*, “Quantum-Dot-Induced Energy Filtering Effect in Organic Thermoelectric Nanocomposites”, Adv. Electron. Mater., 10(9), 2300814 (2024). [DOI]

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (2020R1A2C3004477) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea. The authors thank the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for providing the synchrotron radiation sources at the 4D and 9A beamlines used in this study.

~2023 (Before Gachon Univ.)

22. S. W. Kim, J.-H. Lee, H. J. Ko, S. Lee, G. Y. Bae, D. Kim, G. Lee, S. G. Lee*, K. Cho*, “Mechanically Robust and Linearly Sensitive Soft Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for a Wearable Human-Robot Interaction System”, ACS Nano, 18(4), 3151-3160 (2024).

21. D. Kim†, S. B. Lee†, M.-J. Kim, J. Lee, S. Chung, E. Ok, G. Lee, J. Min, K. Cho*, B. Kang*, “Low-Temperature Alignment of Conjugated Polymers by
Plasticizer-Aided Physical Rubbing”, Small Methods, 7, 2300256 (2023).

20. S. H. Kim, S. Jeong, D. Kim, C. Y. Son, K. Cho*, “Effects of Connecting Polymer Structure and Morphology at Inter-Tube Junctions on the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites”, Adv. Electron. Mater., 9, 2201293 (2023).

19. Y. Park, H. T. Bui, Y. Sohn, C. Park, B. Kim, T. Lee, D. Kim, D. Lee, K. Cho*, H. W. Kim, W. Kwon, W. Kim, “A panchromatic graphite-derived-carbon-dot TiO2 photocatalyst: Broad visible light absorption via ligand-to-metal charge transfer”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 611, 155636 (2023).

18. J.-H. Hong†, D. Kim†, M.-J. Kim, S. Chung, H.-C. Shin, S.-M. Kim, K. Cho, H. S. Lee, S. Lee, B. Kang*, “Extrapolation method for reliable measurement of Seebeck coefficient of organic thin films”, Org. Electron., 108, 106582 (2022).

17. G. Lee, J. Son, D. Kim, H. J. Ko, S. G. Lee*, K. Cho*, “Crocodile-Skin_Inspired Omnidirectionally Stretchable Pressure Sensor”, Small, 18, 2205643 (2022).

16. G. Lee, H. Kim, S. B. Lee, D. Kim, E. Lee, S. K. Lee, S. G. Lee*, “Tailored Uniaxial Alignment of Nanowires Based on Off-Centered Spin-Coating for Flexible and Transparent Field-Effect Transistors”, Nanomaterials, 12, 1116 (2022).

15. J. Min†, D. Kim†, S. Han, B. Kang, H. H. Choi*, K. Cho*, “Position-induced efficient doping in highly-doped organic thermoelectric materials”, Adv. Electron. Mater., 8, 2101142 (2021).

14. S. J. Yang†, D. Kim†, J. Choi, S. H. Kim, K. Park, S. Ryu, K. Cho*, “Enhancing Thermoelectric Power Factor in 2D Sn-Based Organometal Halide Perovskites”, Adv. Mater., 33, 2102797 (2021).

13. D. Kim†, Y. Park†, D. Ju, G. Lee, K. Cho*, “Energy-Filtered Acceleration of Charge Transport in Organic Thermoelectric Nanocomposites”, Chem. Mater., 33(13), 4853 (2021).

12. J. Son, G. Y. Bae, S. Lee, S. W. Kim, D. Kim, S. Chung, K. Cho*, “Cactus-Spine-Inspired Sweat-Collecting Patch for Fast and Continuous Monitoring of Sweat”, Adv. Mater., 33, 2170317 (2021).

11. G. Lee, J. Son S. Lee, S. W. Kim, D. Kim, N. N. Nguyen, S. G. Lee, K. Cho*, “Fingerpad-Inspired Multimodal Electronic Skin for Material Discrimination and Texture Recognition”, Adv. Sci., 8, 2170047 (2021).

10. S. W. Kim, S. Park, S. Lee, D. Kim, G. Lee, J. Son, K. Cho*, “Stretchable Mesh-Patterned Organic Semiconducting Thin Films on Creased Elastomeric Substrates”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 31, 2010870 (2021).

9. S. B. Lee, S. Lee, D. Kim, S. H. Kim, B. Kang*, K. Cho*, “Solutal-Marangoni-Flow-Mediated Growth of Patterned Highly Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Thin Film Via Gap-Controlled Bar Coating”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 31(28), 2100196 (2021).

9. S. W. Kim, S. Lee, D. Kim, S. G. Lee*, K. Cho*, “Omnidirectionally Stretchable Metal Films with Preformed Radial Nanocracks for Soft Electronics”, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 3, 7192 (2020).

8. G. Lee, G. Y. Bae, J. H. Son, S. Lee, S. W. Kim, D. Kim, S. G. Lee*, K. Cho*, “User-Interactive Thermotherapeutic Electronic Skin Based on Stretchable Thermochromic Strain Sensor”, Adv. Sci., 7, 2001184. (2020).

7. D. Ju†, D. Kim†, H. Yook, J. W. Han, K. Cho*, “Controlling Electrostatic Interaction in PEDOT:PSS to Overcome Thermoelectric Tradeoff Relation”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 1905590 (2019).

6. S. B. Lee, B. Kang, D. Kim, C. Park, S. Kim, M. Lee, W. B. Lee, K. Cho*, “Motion-Programmed Bar-Coating Method with Controlled Gap for High-Speed Scalable Preparation of Highly Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Thin Films”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11, 47153 (2019).

5. S. Lee, J. Kim, I. Yun, G. Y. Bae, D. Kim, S. Park, I.-M. Yi, W. Moon, Y. Chung, K. Cho*, “An Ultrathin Conformable Vibration-Responsive Electronic Skin for Quantitative Vocal Recognition”, Nat. Commun., 10, 2468 (2019).

4. D. Kim†, D. Ju†, K. Cho*, “Heat-Sink-Free Flexible Organic Thermoelectric Generator Vertically Operating with Chevron Structure”, Adv. Mater. Technol., 3, 1700335 (2018).

3. B. Kang, H. Kim, J. T. Han, D. Kim, K. Cho*, “Controllable Bipolar Doping of Graphene with 2D Molecular Dopants”, Small, 14, 1703697 (2018).

2. D. Lee, D. H. Sin, S. W. Kim, H. Lee, H. R. Byun, J. Mun, W. Sung, B. Kang, D. Kim, H. Ko, S. W. Song, M. S. Jeong, J. Rho, K. Cho*, “Singlet Exciton Delocalization in Gold Nanoparticle-Tethered Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers with Enhanced Intrachain Ordering”, Macromolecules, 50, 8487 (2017).

1. G. Y. Bae, S. W. Pak, D. Kim, G. Lee, D. H. Kim, Y. Chung, K. Cho*, “Linearly and Highly Pressure-Sensitive Electronic Skin Based on a Bioinspired Hierarchical Structural Array”, Adv. Mater., 28, 5300 (2016).

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