Four days of no internet cost freelance front-end web developer Sania Ijaz five of her 10 clients and a significant chunk of her monthly income, she told Rest of World. The 23-year-old, who works out of a local community center in the small town of Layyah, earns a living from overseas clients, most of whom are based in the U.S.

Hira Saeed is the CEO and founder of Koi.work, a Pakistani company that helps global businesses hire local tech talent. She told Rest of World the May internet shutdown has made it harder for her to convince foreign clients to hire remote tech workers from Pakistan, as they now prefer countries with a more stable sociopolitical environment.


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The  Internet in Pakistan has been available since the early 1990s. Pakistan has about 130 million internet users, making it the 7th-largest population of internet users in the world.[1][2] Information and communications technology (ICT) is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. In 2001 just 1.3% of the population used the Internet. By 2006 this figure had grown to 6.5% and in 2012 to 10.0%. As of July 2021; the percentage of internet users in Pakistan is 54%, which translates into approximately 118 million citizens having access to internet.[2] Inadequate infrastructure is adversely impacting Internet speeds, encompassing technology, available backhaul, and international Internet bandwidth. This is the primary reason why Pakistan's Internet speed lags behind that of neighboring countries and even some less developed nations worldwide.[3]

In August 2007, PTCL launched Smart TV, an IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) service. IPTV along with high-speed broadband internet and voice telephony is available on the subscribers existing telephone lines.[23]

Major hindrance in providing internet services in Pakistan is acquiring Right of Way from public and private authorities (Owners of Right of Way) Over the last few years, there have been many instances reported to PTA and MoIT&T related to Right-of-Way (RoW) disputes. These have come from telecom operators who cite undue demands from various public bodies (owners of RoW). MoIT&T began a process of consultation with all relevant stakeholders to develop a standard mechanism for addressing the long-standing issue of RoW being faced by telecom operators and has prepared draft RoW rules. The Telecom Authority (PTA) is actively pursuing and participating in finalizing the RoW Rules in the larger interest of the telecom sector.[40]

Authorities in Pakistan temporarily slowed down internet services and blocked access to major social media platforms Sunday amid a rare online rally organized by the party of imprisoned former Prime Minister Imran Khan.

A report by Open Observatory, a global open data resource that monitors internet censorship, shows that YouTube, Facebook and Twitter were restricted by service providers on Tuesday evening, while users were unable to access Instagram after Wednesday morning.

For perspective, these user figures reveal that 150.8 million people in Pakistan did not use the internet at the start of 2023, suggesting that 63.3 percent of the population remained offline at the beginning of the year.

However, complexities associated with the collection and analysis of internet user data mean that it can often take several months before research is ready for publication. As a result, the latest published figures for internet use invariably under-represent reality, and actual adoption and growth may be higher than the figures shown here suggest. Please see our comprehensive notes on data for further details.

For perspective, these user figures reveal that 144.4 million people in Pakistan did not use the internet at the start of 2022, meaning that 63.5 percent of the population remained offline at the beginning of the year.

However, issues relating to COVID-19 continue to impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be higher than these published numbers suggest (see here for further details).

Pakistani leaders, including Khan himself, have a long history of imposing nationwide internet restrictions at times of unrest. An April report from Access Now, a nonprofit tracking internet access globally, found that Pakistan shut down the internet in response to protest movements several times throughout 2021.

According to Access Now, the longest internet shutdowns they tracked occurred in Pakistan, where 4.5 million residents of the Federally Administered Tribal Area spent nearly four years without internet. The blackout ended in December 2021 after starting in 2016.

Real-time network data show the disruption in effect on some but not all mobile and fixed-line internet providers in Pakistan at the time of writing. The study is taken from a sample size of 120 measurements from 60 vantage points across Pakistan. This class of disruption can be worked around using VPN services, which are able to circumvent government internet censorship measures. However, the mobile broadband disruptions cannot be circumvented and will be experienced as a total internet shutdown by those affected.

NetBlocks diffscans, which map the IP address space of a country in real time, show internet connectivity levels and corresponding outages. Purposeful internet outages may have a distinct network pattern used by NetBlocks to determine and attribute the root cause of an outage, a process known as attribution which follows detection and classification stages.

NetBlocks is an internet monitor working at the intersection of digital rights, cyber-security and internet governance. Independent and non-partisan, NetBlocks strives to deliver a fair and inclusive digital future for all.

In Sudan, the internet outages are directly related to a burgeoning military conflict that has pitted the army against a powerful paramilitary force. While the two sides appeared to move closer to a ceasefire after peace talks in Saudi Arabia on Thursday night, internet access has been almost completely cut off in the country.

State regulators initially ordered providers to shut down the internet three weeks ago as fighting began to intensify but service was quickly restored, according to Reuters. Since then, the country has experienced intermittent outages as the fighting damaged internet infrastructure across the country.

Experts with NetBlocks, another organization monitoring internet access, told Recorded Future News that there has been a steep decline in internet access over the last three weeks, with the country now experiencing national connectivity at 1% of ordinary levels and disruptions registered on multiple providers.

The third incident took place on November 1st. This time, the shutdown appeared to be an attempt to quiet protests and stop people from joining them. After the the Supreme Court of Pakistan issued a judgment for acquittal of Asia Bibi, a Christian woman accused of blasphemy, protests broke out in the streets of Islamabad, Lahore and other major cities. When Ms. Bibi was freed and people filled the streets, the Minister for Information and Broadcasting ordered a curfew on mobile and internet services in four major cities.

Several people complained about slow internet services in Pakistan on Sunday evening, ahead of a virtual jalsa (meeting)" organised by the political party of the country's former Prime Minister Imran Khan.

A Pakistani journalist took to social media to inform that he was facing "trouble accessing Twitter/X and other social media platforms. "Overall internet seems slow as well. Anyone else in Pakistan facing the same?", he asked.

"Ahead of PTI's first ever Virtual Rally #PTIVirtualJalsa...The fascist regime in #Pakistan have slowed/shut down internet," a social media user claimed. She also shared screenshots from Downdetector showing outages reported on X.

Imran Khan's PTI organised the first virtual meeting "in the history of Pakistan" at 9 pm on Sunday. "Be a part of history by joining it on 17th December at 9 pm and send a message to the world that the nation of Pakistan stands firm with its leader Imran Khan!," a post by PTI read. The slow down in the internet services was report just ahead of this meeting, according to social media users.

The shutdown has drastically impacted the ability of people to work, to earn money, and in this economy that is very concerning. Fiverr, a global hub for freelancers, has literally just barred Pakistanis from getting any jobs on the website due to the internet shutdown.

Internet shutdowns, either complete shutdowns or partial shutdowns, do not help Pakistan in any way whatsoever. Right now, the justification for the shutdown is national security, but there is no evidence we can point to anywhere in the world that shows that shutdowns help to restore security. In Pakistan, once the authorities shut down mobile internet services, did the protests stop? People were still killed, and public property was still destroyed.

Disinformation cannot be stopped through internet shutdowns. There have been multiple instances when there has been political unrest and the government resorted to internet shutdowns. What that has done is to promote even more disinformation. The internet is a way for people to access critical information, to fact-check information and to connect with each other. People still talk, still find ways to send WhatsApp messages, but now there is no way to provide credible information to large numbers of people. So shutdowns only promote disinformation and misinformation and, as a result, promote chaos.

Our technology startups have been doing very well over the past few years, but continual crackdowns on internet access and internet shutdowns are a major hurdle that prevent startups from raising any funding.

The government has throttled the internet and limited access to social media platforms to curb opposition protests in recent years. Protests and related measures are particularly likely during what we anticipate will be a contentious election period. So internet restrictions in response to these are probable and would last several hours at least. ff782bc1db

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