In computers, a printer driver or a print processor is a piece of software on a computer that converts the data to be printed to a format that a printer can understand. The purpose of printer drivers is to allow applications to do printing without being aware of the technical details of each printer model.
Unix and other Unix-like systems such as Linux and OS X use CUPS (short for Common Unix Printing System), a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems, which allows a computer to act as a print server. A computer running CUPS is a host that can accept print jobs from client computers, process them, and send them to the appropriate printer. Printer drivers are typically implemented as filters. They are usually named the front end of the printing system, while the printer spoolers constitute the back end.
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Users can use commands like, for example, "COPY file1 LPT1:" to print the content of a file to a printer. The contents is transferred to the printer without any interpretation. Therefore, this method of printing is either for files already stored in the corresponding printer's language or for generic text files without more than simple line-oriented formatting.
Beyond this, there are no system-wide printer-specific drivers for use at application level under MS-DOS/PC DOS. Under DR-DOS, however, the SCRIPT command can be loaded to run in the background in order to intercept and convert printer output from applications into PostScript to support PS-capable printers also by applications not supporting them directly.
In order to support more complex printing for different models of printers, each application (e.g. a word processor) may be shipped with its own printer drivers, which were essentially descriptions of printer escape sequences. Printers, too, have been supplied with drivers for the most popular applications. In addition, it's possible for applications to include tools for editing printer description, in case there was no ready driver. In the days when DOS was widely used, many printers had emulation modes for Epson FX-80[1] and IBM Proprinter commands. Many more recent laser printers also have emulation modes for HP PCL (HP LaserJet) or PostScript printers which will work in DOS. It appears that these are also compatible with Windows 3.x.[2]
On Microsoft Windows systems, printer drivers make use of GDI (Unidrv or PScript-based) or XPS (XPSDrv). Programs then use the same standard APIs to draw text and pictures both on screen and on paper. Printers which use GDI natively are commonly referred to as Winprinters and are considered incompatible with other operating systems, although there is software (such as PrintFil) which will make these printers work in a DOS prompt within Windows.
The original AmigaOS up to 1.3 supported printers through a standard series of drivers stored at the required path "DEVS:Printers". All printer drivers were stored in that directory, and covered the standard printers in 1985-1989 circa, included Epson FX standard driver, Xerox 4020, HP, etcetera.
Any Amiga printer driver had to communicate though the standard Amiga printer.device (the default standard hardware device of Amiga dealing with printers), and the standard parallel.device (which controlled parallel port) and the driver would then control the printer on its own.
Amiga also had support for a virtual device "PRT:" to refer to printer.device so, for example the command "COPY file TO PRT:" caused the file to be printed directly bypassing parallel.device and the default printer driver. Amiga used ANSI escape codes, not the special ones defined by the various printer manufacturers. This way every application on the Amiga could use the same standard set of control sequences and wouldn't need to know which printer is actually connected. The printer driver then translated these standard sequences into the special sequences a certain printer understands.
Amiga internal function "PWrite" of printer.device writes 'length' bytes directly to the printer. This function is generally called on by printer drivers to send their buffer(s) to the printer. Number of buffers are decided by the persons who created the driver. Amiga lacked a standard Printer Spooler.
Since AmigaOS 2.0 a standard printer.device was changed to control various printers at same time. The Printer preferences were divided in three main panels: Prefs:Printer which selects main printer and other basic elements such as "Print Spacing" and "Paper Size". PrinterGFX controlled features like Dithering and Scaling. PrinterPS controlled Postscript Printers. The printer drivers surprisingly remained almost same of Workbench 1.3, with 4096 limits.
This fact led Amiga users to prefer third party Printer Systems with their own drivers, like TurboPrint and PrintStudio, which introduced not only recent drivers, but also featured a functioning Printer Spooler into Amiga, and featured 16 million colors printing. MorphOS uses a special version of TurboPrint to pilot recent printers.
In addition to being install-able on a computer, drivers could also be present in the embedded firmware of printers and made available through a networking protocol (e.g. IPP). The embedded firmware of a printer could thus eliminate the need to install any driver on a computer, by accepting print data in a general purpose format (e.g. PDF) via a networking protocol. Despite some efforts to standardize various stages of the printing pipeline, printer interfaces are largely still very proprietary and manufacturer-specific. Hence, nature of functions performed by drivers can vary. Nonetheless, based on the function performed, drivers can be classified as follows.
These drivers convert print data from one format (e.g. PS) to a final device-specific format that the printer hardware can process and create a print. These drivers act as the last stage in delivering a print job to the printer. These drivers are more likely to be embedded in printer firmware.
Most printers require that you install the latest printer driver to help the printer work well. Your driver could also be damaged if you've experienced power outages, computer viruses, or other problems. If your printer isn't responding, downloading and installing the latest printer driver can often resolve these problems.
Most printers require that you install the latest printer driver so that the printer will work well. If you recently upgraded from an earlier version of Windows, your printer driver might work with the previous version but might not work well or at all with Windows 10. Also, if you've experienced power outages, computer viruses, or other problems, your printer driver might be damaged. Downloading and installing the latest printer driver can often resolve these problems.
I am "getting up to speed" on a Canon Pixma Pro-200 Printer. I see articles that suggest that the correct printer driver may not actually be running when installing to a MAC running os 13.4 (Ventura). Maybe AirPrint is installed instead.
I suspect this as:
1. The Canon Pro-200 dialog from the MAC preferences tab only offers General and Supply Levels in the dialog and I see no UTILITY option.
2. Under KIND, I read Canon PRO-200 series - AirPrint
Without the Utility tab, there are printer set up options and changes that I am unable to make.
I found a Canon document that references this issue but when I follow the instruction for installing the proper driver , I am unsuccessful and see the same info as I reported earlier.
2. In System Settings->Printers & Scanners select the option to add a printer and wait for the Canon printer driver to appear. It could take several minutes. Generally the first driver to appear is the Apple AirPrint Driver.
Thank you very much. This helped me. A must is to use the proper driver and not select to soon which will be the AirPrint driver which will be incorrect.
Red River Paper provided this link which provides a detailed guide!
This morning I installed an upgrade of Nitro Pro (v. 13.70.2.40), but unfortunately the PDF Creator seems to be missing, so I cannot print to PDF. I tried some 'solutions' that are on the internet, but whatever I try (i.e., NitroPDFSupportTools.exe) there's always a message that 'Installatie van printer driver mislukt' (Installation printer driver failed). I subsequently uninstalled the software and re-installed it, to no avail.
I have been using Nitro Pro ever since version 9, with upgrades to each subsecutive version, without any problems ever. The conversion from Windows 10 to 11 (in December 2021, so over a year ago) has not caused any errors either. It's only after I upgraded from version 13.24.1.467 to 13.70.2.40 last week that I ran into the problem of the missing printer driver for the first time. I suspect there have been updates between these two versions, but I have never checked for updates or, for that matter, installed any. So the issue may have existed in some version after 13.24.1.467, but it's impossible to verify.
For what it's worth and for your information, the add-in in Microsoft Office doesn't work either - when trying to create a PDF document, there is an error message 'An unknown error has occurred.' But note that I don't use this option ('saving as' a PDF document is my usual way of creating a PDF from within Microsoft Office; I am now working on a project in music editing software, and do need a separate PDF printer).
I have the same issue, my Windows 11 Pro 22H2 is originally German (Austria). I notified Nitro Support on Dec 2, 2022.
Based on the feedback in this thread I changed all my regional settings English (United Kingdom), rebooted and reinstalled Nitro Pro 13. Unfortunately the printer was not installed ?
im having the same issue and its ridiculous. hp said it's not the sonoma and my printer s/b working fine. apple says its an hp issue. ive been on the phone with both for a total of 3 hours and cant get anywhere with this. apple said hp does this all the time. 0852c4b9a8
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