This best-selling dictionary covers all areas of philosophy and contains terms from the related fields of religion, science, and logic. Clear and authoritative definitions and make it an essential resource for students and teachers and an ideal introduction for anyone with an interest in philosophy.

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This bestselling dictionary provides clear and concise definitions of the most troublesome literary terms, from abjection to zeugma. Now expanded and in its fourth edition, it includes increased coverage of new terms from modern critical and theoretical movements, such as feminism, schools of American poetry, Spanish verse forms, life writing, and crime fiction.

No other dictionary matches M-W's accuracy and scholarship in defining word meanings. Our pronunciation help, synonyms, usage and grammar tips set the standard. Go beyond dictionary lookups with Word of the Day, facts and observations on language, lookup trends, and wordplay from the editors at Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

Then a few years ago, a friend suggested I read The Professor and the Madman by Simon Winchester. It is a nonfiction account of the relationship between the editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, James Murray, and one of the more prolific (and notorious) volunteers, who sent in examples of how certain words had been used in literature. I thoroughly enjoyed it, but I was left with the impression that the most revered dictionary in the English Language was a particularly male endeavor. From what I could glean, all the editors were men, most of the assistants were men, most of the volunteers were men and most of the literature, manuals and newspaper articles used as evidence for how words were used, were written by men.

 Note: If a dictionary or encyclopedia entry has no author, the in-text citation should include the first one, two or three words from title of the entry. The words from the title of the entry should be in quotation marks, with each word starting with a capital letter.

 Note: If a dictionary or encyclopedia entry has no author, the in-text citation should include the first one, two or three words from title of the entry. The title of the entry should be in quotation marks, with each word starting with a capital letter.

 Note: If a dictionary or encyclopedia entry has no author, the in-text citation should include the first one, two or three words of the title of the entry. The title of the entry should be in quotation marks, with each word starting with a capital letter.

February 1, 1884: The first portion, or fascicle, of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), considered the most comprehensive and accurate dictionary of the English language, is published. Today, the OED is the definitive authority on the meaning, pronunciation and history of over half a million English words, past and present

In 1984, Oxford University Press embarked on a five-year, multi-million-dollar project to create an electronic version of the dictionary. The effort required 120 people just to type the pages from the print edition and 50 proofreaders to check their work. The online version of the dictionary has been active since 2000.

More than half a century in the making, the two-volume Oxford Latin Dictionary is the world's most authoritative dictionary of Classical Latin, offering unsurpassed coverage of the language of Rome from its beginnings until AD 200. As well as 40,000 headwords and 100,000 senses, the dictionary includes a vast collection of illustrative quotations taken from the canon of classical literature, each now conveniently arranged under the appropriate sense or subsense.

You can choose whether the widget shows the complete dictionary entry, complete with etymological information, orthographic information, and quotations, or simply the dictionary senses: use the options at the top right of the widget.

Britannica Moderna, designed for older students, offers more than 47,000 articles, 8,000 images, maps, and audiovisual materials. It includes the Merriam-Webster Spanish-English Dictionary and the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language (RAE) dictionary. Native Spanish speakers, bilingual students, and students learning Spanish may find it valuable.

The First Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary is ten volumes, totaling 15, 490 pages. It took the editors seventy years to complete the 252,200 entries. The 2,000 contributors sent in five million quotations, 1,861,200 of which appear in the dictionary (Oxford).

Only five years after the publication of the final volume, Oxford University Press, which had assumed the role of publishing the monstrosity, released the Supplement which updated the OED by adding new words. Four more supplementary volumes were completed between 1972 and 1986. In 1989 the Second Edition was published. There have been three other editors who have worked on updates to the OED. Robert Burchfield was born in New Zealand, and he is responsible for broadening the scope of the dictionary to include words used in North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, and Pakistan. Many words he assimilated into the dictionary were slang terms. The two current editors are Edmund Weiner and John Simpson (Oxford).

The drive to document the history of every English word fueled Dr. Murray and future editors and staff members to work tirelessly on what we now have as the Oxford English Dictionary. It is unarguably the most complete dictionary in the English language, which is being revised daily. The OED is one of the greatest contributions to language yet, and it remains a paradigm of perfection.

The ODE is a large single-volume dictionary which gives very good coverage of Present-Day English, including many examples taken from the corpus Oxford used to assemble the dictionary. The NOAD is a version of this dictionary, not quite as good, which focuses on American English. The ODE and NOAD are not called by these names online; instead, they've been rebranded as Oxford Dictionaries, or Oxford Living Dictionaries.

There are no major differences. The New Oxford American Dictionary (NOAD) is a substantial revision of the Oxford Dictionary of English (ODE, which is a British English dictionary). The biggest change for most users is that ODE uses the IPA system to give word pronunciations (this is the standard in linguistics for accurately representing speech sounds), while NOAD uses a re-spelling system, which is simpler to read and more commonly found in American dictionaries. ODE was revised for NOAD, with some spelling changes, new words found only in the US, and (rarely) some changes in the order of entries for the American market. Both have been revised at least two times for various new editions to keep them up to date.

The WordReference English-Spanish Dictionary is a living, growing dictionary. It contains over 96214 terms and 279752 translations in both English and Spanish and continues to grow and improve. In Spanish-English, thousands more terms that are not included in the main dictionary can be found in the WordReference Spanish-English vocabulary forum questions and answers. If you still cannot find a term, you can ask in the forums, where many native English and Spanish speakers from around the world love assisting others to find the right translation.

"I think if you'd spoken to her, she would have said it's absurd that there wasn't a dictionary beforehand," said Mike Barber, nephew of Katherine Barber, the late editor-in-chief of the Canadian Oxford Dictionary.

Without an up-to-date dictionary to rely on, writers and editors are left to flounder in the dark over how the language "should" be written. At the same time, the representation of Canada on the world stage suffers and our understanding of what makes the language unique becomes increasingly obscure.

"A dictionary, in a way, serves as a mirror. In continuing to use the COD, Canadian editors might well be contributing to an increasingly stagnant Canadian English. We look in the mirror and see ourselves as we looked on the day we saw Shrek 2 in theatres," Emma Skagen, managing editor of British Columbia's Nightwood Editions publishing house, wrote in a recent op-ed for Quill and Quire.

"Any good editor will know to use this dictionary (and any dictionary, for that matter) with a critical eye, and perhaps we're still mostly making do with the COD and a random mishmash of other resources," Skagen added in her email. "But for how long can we keep using a dictionary that's not getting updated? And what will we do without it?"

In a statement to CBC News, a spokesperson for Oxford University Press said there are no plans to produce a new edition of the COD, though the company "continues to track new developments in Canadian English and to update and expand coverage of Canadian vocabulary across our existing dictionary titles, including the historical Oxford English Dictionary."

More recently, Stefan Dollinger, a professor of English linguistics at the University of British Columbia and editor of A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles, told CBC News that he's in talks with Editors Canada to make "a new dictionary right from scratch that would replace the aging Canadian Oxford," but nothing has yet been confirmed. 0852c4b9a8

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